ArticleVeterinary microbiology2014
Staphylococcus warneri, a resident skin commensal of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with pathobiont characteristics.
Article in Veterinary microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mushroom stem-based diets elicit region-specific shifts in rainbow trout gut microbiota.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antioxidant and Microbiota Characteristics Across Different Mucosal Sites of Rice Flower Carp (Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Anatomical site and environmental exposure differentially shape the microbiota across mucosal tissues in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The ecology and plasticity of fish skin and gill microbiomes: seeking what matters in health and disease.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Gene expression patterns of immune markers in rainbow trout during the early stages of seawater infections withFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The Opportunistic PathogenAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Characterization of gill bacterial microbiota in wild Arctic char (Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Tracking Microbial Diversity and Hygienic-Sanitary Status during Processing of Farmed Rainbow Trout (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Detection of Resistant and Enterotoxigenic Strains ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Can alcohol kill harmful microbes from our skin?Gene reports · 2021Article
- Skin bacteria of rainbow trout antagonistic to the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Alteration of Intestinal Microbiota Profile and Immune Response inLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Innate Immune Responses of Skin Mucosa in Common Carp (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- The Change of Teleost Skin Commensal Microbiota Is Associated With Skin Mucosal Transcriptomic Responses During Parasitic Infection byFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) secretory component binds to commensal bacteria and pathogens.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Under Pressure: Interactions between Commensal Microbiota and the Teleost Immune System.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Transition from freshwater to seawater reshapes the skin-associated microbiota of Atlantic salmon.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Topographical Mapping of the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Microbiome Reveals a Diverse Bacterial Community with Antifungal Properties in the Skin.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- A Review of the Immunological Mechanisms Following Mucosal Vaccination of Finfish.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms live in association with the mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates. The skin of teleost fish is known to harbor commensals. In this study we report for the first time the presence of an intracellular Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus warneri that resides in the skin epidermis of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). S. warneri was isolated from healthy hatchery trout skin epithelial cells. In situ hybridization confirmed the intracellular nature of the bacterium. Skin explants exposed in vitro to S. warneri or the extracellular pathogen Vibrio anguillarum show that S. warneri is able to induce an anti-inflammatory cytokine status via TGF-β1b compared to the pro-inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-∝) elicited by V. anguillarum. In vivo experiments showed that S. warneri is not pathogenic to rainbow trout when injected intraperitoneally at high concentrations. However, S. warneri is able to stimulate V. anguillarum growth and biofilm formation on rainbow trout scales. Our results demonstrate that rainbow trout skin commensals such as S. warneri have the potential to become indirect pathobionts by enhancing growth and biofilm formation of pathogens such as V. anguillarum. These results show that fish farming practices (i.e. handling and other manipulations) can alter the skin microbiota and compromise the skin health of rainbow trout.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.