ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2014
Factors associated with small size at birth in Nepal: further analysis of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2011.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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33 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional analytical study comparing multinomial logistic and proportional odds regression models using MICS 2019 data.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Determinants of low birth weight in newborns at a referral hospital in the western Nepal: an unmatched case-control study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Determinants of anemia among children aged 6-23 months in Nepal: an alternative Bayesian modeling approach.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and Its Developmental Vulnerability Among Infants in Nepal: A Critical Review of the Literature and Future Recommendations.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Review
- Risk factors and co-occurring patterns of low birth weight in Bangladesh: Insights from logistic regression and association rule mining.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with rural mothers' protection against tetanus: a cross-national analysis in 33 sub-Saharan African countries.International health · 2024Article
- Synergistic associations of antenatal care visits and iron-folic acid supplementation with low birth weight: a pooled analysis of national surveys from six south Asian countries.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Undernutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls in Diga District, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2024Article
- Accuracy of Syrain Refugee Mothers' Perceptions of Newborn's Birth Size: Insights from a National Survey in Turkey.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Factors Influencing Undernutrition among Female Adolescent Students in Darchula District, Nepal.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Association of geographic distribution and birth weight with sociodemographic factors of the maternal and newborn child of hilly and mountain regions of eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2022Article
- The prevalence and socio-demographic risk factors of coexistence of stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under five years in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.BMC nutrition · 2022Article
- Prevalence of low birth weight and its associated factors: Hospital based cross sectional study in Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Is Infant birth weight and mothers perceived birth size associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana?PloS one · 2022Article
- Prevalence and correlates of severe under-5 child anthropometric failure measured by the composite index of severe anthropometric failure in Bangladesh.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Optimum birth interval (36-48 months) may reduce the risk of undernutrition in children: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Article
- Maternal risk factors for low birth weight infants: A nested case-control study of rural areas in Kurdistan (western of Iran).Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2021Article
- Trends and Determinants of Small Birth Weight in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2021Article
- Prognostic factors associated with small for gestational age babies in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe global Low Birth Weight (LBW) rate is reported to be 15.5% with more than 95% of these LBW infants being from developing countries. LBW is a major factor associated with neonatal deaths in developing countries. The determinants of low birth weight in Nepal have rarely been studied. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with small size at birth among under-five children.
methodsData from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) were used. The association between small size at birth and explanatory variables were analysed using Chi-square tests (χ2) followed by logistic regression. Complex Sample Analysis was used to adjust for study design and sampling.
resultsA total of 5240 mother- singleton under five child pairs were included in the analysis, of which 936 (16.0%) children were reported as small size at birth. Of 1922 infants whose birth weight was recorded, 235 (11.5%) infants had low birth weight (<2500 grams). The mean birth weight was 3030 grams (standard deviation: 648.249 grams).The mothers who had no antenatal visits were more likely (odds ratio (OR) 1.315; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.042-1.661)) to have small size infants than those who had attended four or more antenatal visits. Mothers who lived in the Far-western development region were more likely to have (OR 1.698; 95% CI (1.228-2.349)) small size infants as compared to mothers from the Eastern development region. Female infants were more likely (OR 1.530; 95% CI (1.245-1.880)) to be at risk of being small than males.
conclusionOne in every six infants was reported to be small at birth. Attendance of antenatal care programs appeared to have a significant impact on birth size. Adequate antenatal care visits combined with counselling and nutritional supplementation should be a focus to reduce adverse birth outcomes such as small size at birth, especially in the geographically and economically disadvantaged areas such as Far-western region of Nepal.
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