Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24438100›Full record

ArticleMicrobial cell factories2014

Expression of the Aspergillus terreus itaconic acid biosynthesis cluster in Aspergillus niger.

Laura van der Straat, Marloes Vernooij, Marieke Lammers, Willy van den Berg, Tom Schonewille, Jan Cordewener, Ingrid van der Meer, Andries Koops, Leo H de Graaff

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbial cell factories, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Metabolic Engineering of Filamentous FungusJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025
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  3. Review
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  5. Conversion of COProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
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  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. A Library ofFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Metabolic engineering of an acid-tolerant yeast strainMetabolic engineering communications · 2020
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Frontiers in microbiology · 2020
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Identification of novel citramalate biosynthesis pathways inFungal biology and biotechnology · 2019
    Article
  18. Itaconic acid degradation inFungal biology and biotechnology · 2019
    Article
  19. Itaconic acid production in microorganisms.Biotechnology letters · 2018
    Review
  20. Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Laura van der Straat
Marloes Vernooij
Marieke Lammers
Willy van den Berg
Tom Schonewille
Jan Cordewener
Ingrid van der Meer
Andries Koops
Leo H de GraaffMicrobial Systems Biology, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, Wageningen 6703 HB, Netherlands. leo.degraaff@wur.nl.
Wageningen University & Research · NLCentre for BioSystems Genomics · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAspergillus terreus is a natural producer of itaconic acid and is currently used to produce itaconic acid on an industrial scale. The metabolic process for itaconic acid biosynthesis is very similar to the production of citric acid in Aspergillus niger. However, a key enzyme in A. niger, cis-aconitate decarboxylase, is missing. The introduction of the A. terreus cadA gene in A. niger exploits the high level of citric acid production (over 200 g per liter) and theoretically can lead to production levels of over 135 g per liter of itaconic acid in A. niger. Given the potential for higher production levels in A. niger, production of itaconic acid in this host was investigated.

resultsExpression of Aspergillus terreus cis-aconitate decarboxylase in Aspergillus niger resulted in the production of a low concentration (0.05 g/L) of itaconic acid. Overexpression of codon-optimized genes for cis-aconitate decarboxylase, a mitochondrial transporter and a plasma membrane transporter in an oxaloacetate hydrolase and glucose oxidase deficient A. niger strain led to highly increased yields and itaconic acid production titers. At these higher production titers, the effect of the mitochondrial and plasma membrane transporters was much more pronounced, with levels being 5-8 times higher than previously described.

conclusionsItaconic acid can be produced in A. niger by the introduction of the A. terreus cis-aconitate decarboxylase encoding cadA gene. This results in a low itaconic acid production level, which can be increased by codon-optimization of the cadA gene for A. niger. A second crucial requirement for efficient production of itaconic acid is the expression of the A. terreus mttA gene, encoding a putative mitochondrial transporter. Expression of this transporter results in a twenty-fold increase in the secretion of itaconic acid. Expression of the A. terreus itaconic acid cluster consisting of the cadA gene, the mttA gene and the mfsA gene results in A. niger strains that produce over twenty five-fold higher levels of itaconic acid and show a twenty-fold increase in yield compared to a strain expressing only CadA.

Indexed as

AspergillusAspergillus nigerBioreactorsCarboxy-LyasesCitric AcidCloning, MolecularDNA Copy Number VariationsFungal ProteinsHydrolasesMembrane Transport ProteinsMultigene FamilySuccinatesaconitate decarboxylaseCarboxy-LyasesCitric AcidFungal ProteinsHydrolasesitaconic acidMembrane Transport ProteinsoxaloacetaseSuccinates

Identifiers

PMID24438100
PMCPMC3898256
OpenAlexW2078548346

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.