ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2014
The 2014 Surgeon General's report: commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the 1964 Report of the Advisory Committee to the US Surgeon General and updating the evidence on the health consequences of cigarette smoking.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Recommendations on interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults in Canada.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Guideline
- Guideline
- Loci on chromosome 20 interact with rs16969968 to influence cigarettes per day in European ancestry individuals.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Pooled it
- Interaction between Occupational and Non-Occupational Arsenic Exposure and Tobacco Smoke on Lung Cancerogenesis: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Nonmelanoma skin cancer and risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality: a systematic review.Archives of dermatological research · 2017Pooled it
- Correlates of smoking discarded cigarettes in a sample of low-income adults.Addictive behaviors · 2022Trial
- Exercise for Smoking Cessation in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Contingency Management for Veteran Smokers Undergoing Elective Major Surgery: Protocol and Rationale for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Nicotine self-administration suppresses both pro- and anti-inflammatory accumbens cytokines but does not induce apoptosis in female rats.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Prediagnostic Plasma Metabolite Profiles and Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Electronic Cigarette Exposures Impair Respiratory Function and Structure in the Female Apoe-/- Mouse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Cornfield's Pragmatic Contribution to Policy Discourse: Continued.Observational studies · 2026Article
- Surfactant Protein D Mediates the Association Between Smoking and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence in the Spanish Adult Population: Di@bet.es Study.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy Interacts With Genetic Factors to Increase Risk for Low Birth Weight but Not Harmful Offspring Smoking Behaviors in Europeans.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Psychometric Evaluation of Iranian Version of Beliefs about Third-Hand Smoke Scale (BATHS-T) in Pregnant Women.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- E-cigarette Use and Incident Cardiometabolic Conditions in the All of Us Research Program.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Causes of Childhood Cancer: A Review of Literature (2014-2021): Part 2-Pregnancy and Birth-Related Factors.Cancers · 2025Review
- Article
- Geographic diversity of human liver cancers mirrors global social inequalities.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Navigating Cardiovascular Challenges of Obesity: Exploring Preventive Approaches.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The question of whether cigarette smoking was associated with lung cancer was central to the expansion of epidemiology into the study of chronic diseases in the 1950s. The culmination of this era was the 1964 report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General, a landmark document that included an objective synthesis of the evidence of the health consequences of smoking according to causal criteria. The report concluded that cigarette smoking was a cause of lung cancer in men and sufficient in scope that "remedial action" was warranted at the societal level. The 2014 Surgeon General's report commemorates the 50th anniversary of the 1964 report. The evidence on the health consequences of smoking has been updated many times in Surgeon General's reports since 1964. These have summarized our increasingly greater understanding of the broad spectrum of the deleterious health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke across most major organ systems. In turn, this evidence has been translated into tobacco control strategies implemented to protect the public's health. The Surgeon General report process is an enduring example of evidence-based public health in practice. Substantial progress has been made, but cigarette smoking remains one of the most pressing global health issues of our time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.