Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24436255›Full record

ArticleBioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology2014

Transfer and functional consequences of dietary microRNAs in vertebrates: concepts in search of corroboration: negative results challenge the hypothesis that dietary xenomiRs cross the gut and regulate genes in ingesting vertebrates, but important questions persist.

Kenneth W Witwer, Kendal D Hirschi

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Characterization ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. The Conundrum of XenomiRs and Human Health.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kenneth W WitwerDepartment of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Kendal D Hirschi
Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine · USJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Therapeutic CoreP30MH075673 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Leah Helane Rubin · 2006 to 2026
$33.2M
Plasma miRNA Biomarkers of HIV/SIV CNS DiseaseR01NS076357 · NINDS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CLEMENTS, JANICE E · 2012 to 2016
$2.7M
Circulating Cellular and Extracellular Noncoding RNAs in HIV-1 Elite SuppressionR21AI102659 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WITWER, KENNETH W · 2013 to 2014
$444k
Intramural NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHS R21 AI102659NIEHS NIH HHS ES065073NIEHS NIH HHS K99ES022633-01NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH075673NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS076357
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

If validated, diet-derived foreign microRNA absorption and function in consuming vertebrates would drastically alter our understanding of nutrition and ecology. RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms of Caenorhabditis elegans are enhanced by uptake of environmental RNA and amplification and systemic distribution of RNAi effectors. Therapeutic exploitation of RNAi in treating human disease is difficult because these accessory processes are absent or diminished in most animals. A recent report challenged multiple paradigms, suggesting that ingested microRNAs (miRNAs) are transferred to blood, accumulate in tissues, and exert canonical regulation of endogenous transcripts. Independent replication of these findings has been elusive, and multiple disconfirmatory findings have been published. In the face of mounting negative results, any additional positive reports must provide the proverbial "extraordinary proof" to support such claims. In this article, we review the evidence for and against a significant role for dietary miRNAs in influencing gene expression, and make recommendations for future studies. Also watch the Video Abstract.

Indexed as

DietRNA InterferenceAnimalsBeesCaenorhabditis elegansGastrointestinal TractGene ExpressionHumansIntestinesMiceMicroRNAsRNA, PlantVertebratesMicroRNAsRNA, PlantcholesteroldietepigeneticsexosomemicroRNAnutritionRNAi

Identifiers

PMID24436255
PMCPMC4109825
OpenAlexW1512778862

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.