ReviewCancer metastasis reviews2014
Calories, carbohydrates, and cancer therapy with radiation: exploiting the five R's through dietary manipulation.
Review in Cancer metastasis reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Clinical Risk and Overall Survival in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperglycemia and Glioblastoma Multiforme. A Review of the Current Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Ketogenic diets in medical oncology: a systematic review with focus on clinical outcomes.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Ketogenic diet as a systems-level immunometabolic sensitization strategy in cancer therapy: integrating metabolism, immune reprogramming, microbiome dynamics, and epigenetic regulation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Ketogenic Diet: A Metabolic Key to Overcoming Cancer Therapy Resistance.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- Review
- Dietary restriction and aerobic exercise alleviate obesity-related skeletal muscle impairment via the miR-130/PPARγ axis and IGF-1/Akt/mTOR signaling activation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advancing cancer radiotherapy: Harnessing radiosensitizers and nanotechnology for enhanced tumor control.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- The planetary diet: a nutritional utopia in conflict with human evolution.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Oncologists' Perspectives on Ketogenic Diets in Pediatric Brain Cancer: Potential, Challenges, and the Path Forward.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Glucose Restriction in NSCLC via AMPK-Regulated Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Impact of ketogenic and fast-mimicking diet in gastrointestinal cancer treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Health Benefits of Intermittent Fasting.Microbial physiology · 2024Review
- Impact of Fasting on Patients With Cancer: An Integrative Review.Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology · 2023Review
- Metabolic factors associated with the prognosis of oligometastatic patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of Resistance and Current Treatment Options for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM).Cancers · 2023Review
- Cell proliferation, drug distribution and therapeutic effects in relation to the vascular system of solid tumours.British journal of cancer · 2023Review
- Molecular Mechanisms for Ketone Body Metabolism, Signaling Functions, and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Gliomas and Glioblastomas.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. Intriguingly, many of these mechanisms utilize the same molecular pathways that are altered through calorie and/or carbohydrate restriction. Furthermore, poorer prognosis in cancer patients who display a glycolytic phenotype characterized by metabolic alterations, such as obesity and diabetes, is now well established, providing another link between metabolic pathways and cancer progression. We review the possible roles for calorie restriction (CR) and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets (KDs) in modulating the five R's of radiotherapy to improve the therapeutic window between tumor control and normal tissue complication probability. Important mechanisms we discuss include (1) improved DNA repair in normal, but not tumor cells; (2) inhibition of tumor cell repopulation through modulation of the PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway downstream of insulin and IGF1; (3) redistribution of normal cells into more radioresistant phases of the cell cycle; (4) normalization of the tumor vasculature by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α downstream of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway; (5) increasing the intrinsic radioresistance of normal cells through ketone bodies but decreasing that of tumor cells by targeting glycolysis. These mechanisms are discussed in the framework of animal and human studies, taking into account the commonalities and differences between CR and KDs. We conclude that CR and KDs may act synergistically with radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer patients and provide some guidelines for implementing these dietary interventions into clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.