ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2014
Animal model of methylphenidate's long-term memory-enhancing effects.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- MDMA and memory, addiction, and depression: dose-effect analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Cognitive Effects of MDMA in Laboratory Animals: A Systematic Review Focusing on Dose.Pharmacological reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Yohimbine Potentiates Consolidation of Conditioned Fear.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Fear expression is suppressed by tyrosine administration.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Dose-effect analysis of 6-APB ("Benzofury") on fear memory, motor behavior, and reward.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Maternal Separation Exhibits a Sex Dimorphism in Memory Impairments in Adolescent Rats: Acute Methylphenidate Administration as a Treatment.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Impact of Mephedrone on Fear Memory in Adolescent Rats: Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Altered dopaminergic firing pattern and novelty response underlie ADHD-like behavior of SorCS2-deficient mice.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Genetic Signatures of Drug Response Variability inGenetics · 2019Article
- PharmGKB summary: methylphenidate pathway, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics.Pharmacogenetics and genomics · 2019Review
- Methylphenidate Dose-Dependently Affects Aggression and Improves Fear Extinction and Anxiety in BALB/cJ Mice.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
- Repeated Use of the Psychoactive Substance Ethylphenidate Impacts Neurochemistry and Reward Learning in Adolescent Male and Female Mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
- A single dose of cocaine enhances prospective memory performance.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2018Article
- Noradrenergic Modulation of Fear Conditioning and Extinction.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Review
- Dopamine release from the locus coeruleus to the dorsal hippocampus promotes spatial learning and memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Inhibition of hyperactivity and impulsivity by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in spontaneously hypertensive rats, an animal model of ADHD.Psychopharmacology · 2015Article
- Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2015Article
- Does Methylphenidate Affect Cystometric Parameters in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats?International neurourology journal · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH), introduced more than 60 years ago, accounts for two-thirds of current prescriptions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although many studies have modeled MPH's effect on executive function, almost none have directly modeled its effect on long-term memory (LTM), even though improvement in LTM is a critical target of therapeutic intervention in ADHD. We examined the effects of a wide range of doses of MPH (0.01-10 mg/kg, i.p.) on Pavlovian fear learning, a leading model of memory. MPH's effects were then compared to those of atomoxetine (0.1-10 mg/kg, i.p.), bupropion (0.5-20 mg/kg, i.p.), and citalopram (0.01-10 mg/kg, i.p.). At low, clinically relevant doses, MPH enhanced fear memory; at high doses it impaired memory. MPH's memory-enhancing effects were not confounded by its effects on locomotion or anxiety. Further, MPH-induced memory enhancement seemed to require both dopamine and norepinephrine transporter inhibition. Finally, the addictive potential of MPH (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) was compared to those of two other psychostimulants, amphetamine (0.005 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg) and cocaine (0.15 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg), using a conditioned place preference and behavioral sensitization paradigm. We found that memory-enhancing effects of psychostimulants observed at low doses are readily dissociable from their reinforcing and locomotor activating effects at high doses. Together, our data suggest that fear conditioning will be an especially fruitful platform for modeling the effects of psychostimulants on LTM in drug development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.