ReviewThe Indian journal of medical research2013
Novel adjuvants & delivery vehicles for vaccines development: a road ahead.
Review in The Indian journal of medical research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness of H7N9 vaccines in healthy individuals.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials of Vaccines with QS-21 or ISCOMATRIX Adjuvant: Safety and Tolerability.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Reverse vaccinology-based identification and in silico characterization of immunogenic membrane proteins of Salmonella Typhimurium as novel vaccine targets against multidrug-resistant infections.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Study on immunogenicity of recombinant ferritin hemagglutinin of canine distemper virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Vaccination Strategies and Research Gaps in Hepatitis E Virus for Special Populations.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Lipopeptide Hydrogel Possesses Adjuvant-Like Properties for the Delivery of the GPC-3 Peptide-derived Antigen.Advanced functional materials · 2025Article
- Killed whole-cell Staphylococcus aureus formulation in Montanide ISA266 and Alum adjuvants: different vaccine formulations varied in the vaccine's potency and efficacy.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Article
- Delivery and adjuvant: liposomes for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Biotechnologia · 2025Review
- Comprehensive immunoinformatics and bioinformatics strategies for designing a multi-epitope based vaccine targeting structural proteins of Nipah virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology-based strategies for vaccine development: accelerating innovation and delivery.Biomaterials translational · 2025Review
- Navigating Fish Immunity: Focus on Mucosal Immunity and the Evolving Landscape of Mucosal Vaccines.Biology · 2024Review
- Designing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against human rhinovirus C utilizing immunoinformatics approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Potentiating humoral and cellular immunity using a novel hybrid polymer-lipid nanoparticle adjuvant for HBsAg-VLP vaccine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Nanoscale coordination polymer synergizes photodynamic therapy and toll-like receptor activation for enhanced antigen presentation and antitumor immunity.Biomaterials · 2023Article
- Potentiating the Immune Responses of HBsAg-VLP Vaccine Using a Polyphosphoester-Based Cationic Polymer Adjuvant.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pure recombinant and synthetic antigens used in modern day vaccines are generally less immunogenic than older style live/attenuated and killed whole organism vaccines. One can improve the quality of vaccine production by incorporating immunomodulators or adjuvants with modified delivery vehicles viz. liposomes, immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs), micro/nanospheres apart from alum, being used as gold standard. Adjuvants are used to augment the effect of a vaccine by stimulating the immune system to respond to the vaccine, more vigorously, and thus providing increased immunity to a particular disease. Adjuvants accomplish this task by mimicking specific sets of evolutionary conserved molecules which include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), components of bacterial cell wall, endocytosed nucleic acids such as dsRNA, ssDNA and unmethylated CpG dinucleotide containing DNA. This review provides information on various vaccine adjuvants and delivery vehicles being developed to date. From literature, it seems that the humoral immune responses have been observed for most adjuvants and delivery platforms while viral-vector, ISCOMs and Montanides have shown cytotoxic T-cell response in the clinical trials. MF59 and MPL® have elicited Th1 responses, and virus-like particles (VLPs), non-degradable nanoparticle and liposomes have also generated cellular immunity. Such vaccine components have also been evaluated for alternative routes of administration with clinical success reported for intranasal delivery of viral-vectors and proteosomes and oral delivery of VLP vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24434331PMC3928709W2121815313What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.