ReviewFrontiers in neuroendocrinology2014
Sex differences in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Review in Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 275 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
275 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 531 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of sarcopenic obesity with cognitive dysfunction and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Pooled it
- Magnitude and predictors of mild cognitive impairment among older populations in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences inFrontiers in dementia · 2025Pooled it
- Neuroimaging studies of acupuncture on Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Pooled it
- Lower brain glucose metabolism in normal ageing is predominantly frontal and temporal: A systematic review and pooled effect size and activation likelihood estimates meta-analyses.Human brain mapping · 2023Pooled it
- Is Hormone Replacement Therapy a Risk Factor or a Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Association Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of the Alzheimer's Disease Human Brain Transcriptome and Functional Dissection in Mouse Models.Cell reports · 2020Pooled it
- Physical Activity Since Childhood and its Association with Changes in Midlife Cognitive Functions: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Is my loneliness killing me? Effects of loneliness and social isolation on transitions between cognitive status categories and death.Journal of personality and social psychology · 2026Article
- Impact of aging on neck vasculature and brain biochemistry in female mice.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of dementia attributable to depression among people living with diabetes: a comparative risk assessment study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Elevated Cumulative Blood Pressure is Associated With Cognitive Decline: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Effects of testosterone on gene expression in males and females across 40 human tissues.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent rescue of memory and synaptic deficits in AD model mice by increasing PSD-95 palmitoylation.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Development of a clinical nomogram to assess the risk of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Association of neighborhood disadvantage with Alzheimer's disease pathology and the stability of blood-based biomarker performance.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Observational
- Uncovering pathology, subjective cognitive complaints, and sex in early Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Stressful Life Event Exposure Is Associated with Combined Physical and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults.Gerontology · 2026Article
- Trajectories and timing of accelerated decline in specific memory domains preceding Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
215 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Studies have shown differences in specific cognitive ability domains and risk of Alzheimer's disease between the men and women at later age. However it is important to know that sex differences in cognitive function during adulthood may have their basis in both organizational effects, i.e., occurring as early as during the neuronal development period, as well as in activational effects, where the influence of the sex steroids influence brain function in adulthood. Further, the rate of cognitive decline with aging is also different between the sexes. Understanding the biology of sex differences in cognitive function will not only provide insight into Alzheimer's disease prevention, but also is integral to the development of personalized, gender-specific medicine. This review draws on epidemiological, translational, clinical, and basic science studies to assess the impact of sex differences in cognitive function from young to old, and examines the effects of sex hormone treatments on Alzheimer's disease in men and women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.