ArticleDiseases of aquatic organisms2014
Toxicity of chlorine to zebrafish embryos.
Article in Diseases of aquatic organisms, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interwoven processes in fish development: microbial community succession and immune maturation.PeerJ · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Media Conductivity and a Combination of Iodine and Sodium Hypochlorite Surface Disinfection on Zebrafish (Zebrafish · 2022Article
- Article
- Fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid in water samples and cell models.RSC advances · 2021Article
- Testing Alternative Surface Disinfection Agents for Zebrafish (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2021Article
- Article
- Viability ofZebrafish · 2019Article
- Article
- Comparison of Antemortem and Environmental Samples for Zebrafish Health Monitoring and Quarantine.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2017Article
- A method for collecting eggs of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from zebrafish Danio rerio and efficacy of heat and chlorine for killing the nematode's eggs.Journal of fish diseases · 2017Article
- Facility Design and Health Management Program at the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory.Zebrafish · 2016Article
- Strategies to Mitigate a Mycobacterium marinum Outbreak in a Zebrafish Research Facility.Zebrafish · 2016Article
- Zebrafish Embryo Disinfection with Povidone-Iodine: Evaluating an Alternative to Chlorine Bleach.Zebrafish · 2016Article
- Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities.Zebrafish · 2016Article
- Triclosan Exposure Is Associated with Rapid Restructuring of the Microbiome in Adult Zebrafish.PloS one · 2016Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of common disinfectants at preventing the propagation of Mycobacterium spp. isolated from zebrafish.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · 2015Article
- Review of Pseudoloma neurophilia (Microsporidia): A common neural parasite of laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio).The Journal of eukaryotic microbiologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Surface disinfection of fertilized fish eggs is widely used in aquaculture to reduce extraovum pathogens that may be released from brood fish during spawning, and this is routinely used in zebrafish Danio rerio research laboratories. Most laboratories use approximately 25 to 50 ppm unbuffered chlorine solution for 5 to 10 min. Treatment of embryos with chlorine has significant germicidal effects for many Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and trophozoite stages of protozoa, but is less effective against cyst or spore stages of protozoa and certain Mycobacterium spp. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of unbuffered and buffered chlorine solutions to embryos exposed at 6 or 24 h post-fertilization (hpf) to determine whether higher concentrations can be used for treating zebrafish embryos. Most of our experiments entailed using an outbred line (5D), with both mortality and malformations as endpoints. We found that 6 hpf embryos consistently were more resistant than 24 hpf embryos to the toxic effects of chlorine. Chlorine is more toxic and germicidal at lower pH, and chlorine causes elevated pH. Consistent with this, we found that unbuffered chlorine solutions (pH ca. 8-9) were less toxic at corresponding concentrations than solutions buffered to pH 7. Based on our findings here, we recommend treating 6 hpf embryos for 10 min and 24 hpf embryos for 5 min with unbuffered chlorine solution at 100 ppm.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.