Trial reportJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2014
The effect of two benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics on sleep-dependent memory consolidation.
Trial report in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medication-induced causes of delirium in patients with and without dementia: a systematic review of published neurology guidelines.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Dexmedetomidine promotes biomimetic non-rapid eye movement stage 3 sleep in humans: A pilot study.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2018Trial
- Multimodal assessment of sleep-wake perception in insomnia disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Sleep Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease: Impacts of Current Medications and Prospects for Treatment.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2023Review
- Pharmacotherapeutic management of insomnia and effects on sleep processes, neural plasticity, and brain systems modulating stress: A narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Zolpidem Maintains Memories for Negative Emotions Across a Night of Sleep.Affective science · 2022Article
- The Treatment of Sleep Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disorders.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2021Review
- Promoting Sleep Oscillations and Their Functional Coupling by Transcranial Stimulation Enhances Memory Consolidation in Mild Cognitive Impairment.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Review
- Sleep and Human Aging.Neuron · 2017Review
- Timing matters: open-loop stimulation does not improve overnight consolidation of word pairs in humans.The European journal of neuroscience · 2016Article
- Sleep: A Novel Mechanistic Pathway, Biomarker, and Treatment Target in the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease?Trends in neurosciences · 2016Review
- Sleep, cognition, and normal aging: integrating a half century of multidisciplinary research.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2015Review
- Sleep smart-optimizing sleep for declarative learning and memory.Frontiers in psychology · 2015Review
- Differential sleep-promoting effects of dual orexin receptor antagonists and GABAA receptor modulators.BMC neuroscience · 2014Article
- Sleep for cognitive enhancement.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2014Review
- The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation techniques to modulate resting-state EEG and reduce SOL: A randomized controlled trial.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionNumerous studies have demonstrated that sleep promotes memory consolidation, but there is little research on the effect of hypnotics on sleep-dependent memory consolidation. We compared bedtime administration of zolpidem-ER 12.5 mg (6- to 8-h duration of action), middle-of-the-night administration of zaleplon 10 mg (3- to 4-h duration of action), and placebo to examine the effect of different durations of hypnotic drug exposure on memory consolidation during sleep.
methodsTwenty-two participants with no sleep complaints underwent 3 conditions in a counterbalanced crossover study: (1) zolpidem-ER 12.5 mg (bedtime dosing), (2) zaleplon 10 mg (middle-of-the-night dosing), and (3) placebo. Memory testing was conducted before and after an 8-h sleep period, using a word pair association task (WPT; declarative memory) and a finger-tapping task (FTT; procedural memory).
resultsANOVA revealed a significant condition effect for the WPT (p = 0.025) and a trend for the FTT (p = 0.067), which was significant when sex was added to the model (p = 0.014). Improvement in memory performance following sleep was lower with bedtime dosing of zolpidem-ER compared to placebo and middle-of-the-night dosing of zaleplon. There were no differences between placebo and zaleplon.
conclusionsThe results suggest that in some circumstances hypnotics may have the potential to reduce the degree of sleep-dependent memory consolidation and that drug-free sleep early in the night may ameliorate this effect.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.