ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2014
COPD management costs according to the frequency of COPD exacerbations in UK primary care.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 61 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Management of Cardiopulmonary Risk in the UK: A Systematic Literature Review and Modified Delphi Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Literature Review of the Humanistic, Economic, Sociodemographic, and Environmental Burden Associated with Severe COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- The economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Europe: results from a systematic review of the literature.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2020Pooled it
- Economic Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Pooled it
- Head-to-head oral prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of US-approved LAMA/LABA therapies versus tiotropium in moderate-to-severe COPD.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Systematic review of humanistic and economic burden of symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.PharmacoEconomics · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of baseline symptoms and health status on COPD exacerbations in the FLAME study.Respiratory research · 2020Trial
- A dose-ranging study of the inhaled dual phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 inhibitor ensifentrine in COPD.Respiratory research · 2020Trial
- Long-term cost and utility consequences of short-term clinically important deterioration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the TORCH study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2019Trial
- Eosinophil biology in COPD: from scientific insight to clinical treatment action.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Article
- Health economic analysis of pulsed field ablation compared to conventional thermal ablation for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in China.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2026Article
- Healthcare resource utilisation in patients with exacerbations of COPD and associated cardiovascular events: the EXACOS-CV study.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Article
- Treatment pathways, economic burden and clinical outcomes in new users of inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting BBMJ open · 2024Article
- Cardiac interventions in Wales: A comparison of benefits between NHS Wales specialties.PloS one · 2024Article
- Treatment Patterns, Healthcare Utilization and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Initiating Single-Inhaler Long-Acting βInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea: A National Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Triple Therapy with Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate versus Dual Therapies in Moderate-to-Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: United Kingdom Analysis Using the ETHOS Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations is significant, but the impact of other sources on the overall cost of COPD management is largely unknown. We aimed to estimate overall costs for patients experiencing none, one, or two or more exacerbations per year in the UK.
methodsA retrospective cohort of prevalent COPD patients was identified in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink UK database. Patients with information recorded for at least 12 months before and after cohort entry date were included (first prevalent COPD diagnosis confirmed by spirometry on/after April 1, 2009). Patients were categorized as having none, one, or two or more moderate-to-severe COPD exacerbations in the 12 months after cohort entry and further classified by the Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) category of airflow obstruction and the Medical Research Council dyspnea scale. Study outcomes included counts of general practitioner interactions, moderate-severe COPD exacerbations, and non-COPD hospitalizations. Estimated resource use costs were calculated using National Health Service reference costs for 2010-2011.
resultsThe cohort comprised 58,589 patients (mean age 69.5 years, mean dyspnea grade 2.5, females 46.6%, current smokers 33.1%). The average total annual per patient cost of COPD management, excluding medications, was £2,108 for all patients and £1,523, £2,405, and £3,396 for patients experiencing no, one, or two or more moderate-to-severe exacerbations, respectively. General practitioner interactions contributed most to these annual costs, accounting for £1,062 (69.7%), £1,313 (54.6%), and £1,592 (46.9%) in patients with no, one, or two or more moderate-to-severe exacerbations, respectively.
conclusionDisease management strategies focused on reducing costs in primary care may help reduce total COPD costs significantly.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.