ArticleTranslational psychiatry2014
Inflammatory activation is associated with a reduced glucocorticoid receptor alpha/beta expression ratio in monocytes of inpatients with melancholic major depressive disorder.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical manifestations associated with the chronic phase of Chikungunya Fever: A systematic review of prevalence.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Glucocorticoid Resistance: Is It a Requisite for Increased Cytokine Production in Depression? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Genetic Contributions of Inflammation to Depression.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of chemokines in major depression.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Pro-inflammatory Monocyte Phenotype and Cell-Specific Steroid Signaling Alterations in Unmedicated Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- S100B Serum Levels Predict Treatment Response in Patients with Melancholic Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Towards Objective Major Depressive Disorder Detection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Biomarkers.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Review
- An interoceptive model of energy allostasis linking metabolic and mental health.Science advances · 2025Review
- Antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Aloysia citriodora in animals subjected to childhood stress.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Immune-neuroendocrine crosstalk in mood and psychotic disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Conventional and new immunotherapies for immune system dysregulation in postpartum mood disorders: comparisons to immune system dysregulations in bipolar disorder, major depression, and postpartum autoimmune thyroid disease.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Associations between uric acid and depressive symptoms, and the mediating role of immunoinflammatory: Findings from rural older adults.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Repetitive Administration of Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Improves Repeated Social Defeat Stress-Induced Behavioral Abnormalities and Aberrant Immune Response.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- IL-8 (CXCL8) Correlations with Psychoneuroimmunological Processes and Neuropsychiatric Conditions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Associations of C-reactive protein with depressive symptoms over time after mild to moderate ischemic stroke in the PROSCIS-B cohort.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Review
- DNA Methylation of POMC and NR3C1-1F and Its Implication in Major Depressive Disorder and Electroconvulsive Therapy.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2023Article
- Immunological profiling in long COVID: overall low grade inflammation and T-lymphocyte senescence and increased monocyte activation correlating with increasing fatigue severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Evidence of innate immune dysfunction in first-episode psychosis patients with accompanying mood disorder.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we used new technology to investigate whether a coherent pattern of enhanced expression of inflammatory and other immune activation genes in circulating monocytes is found in patients with major depression. Since a high inflammatory state of monocytes might be related to glucocorticoid resistance, we also included the genes for the two isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor. For this study, we aimed at finding a similar coherent pattern of inflammatory and immune activation genes in monocytes of patients with MDD and recruited 47 medication-free melancholic MDD inpatients and 42 healthy controls. A quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) monocyte gene expression analysis was performed using a panel of inflammatory-related genes previously identified as abnormally regulated in mood disorder patients. Selected serum cytokines/chemokines were assessed using a cytometric bead array. Depressive symptoms were analysed using Hamilton depression scores (HAMD). Thirty-four of the 47 monocyte inflammatory-related genes were significantly upregulated and 2 were significantly downregulated as compared to controls, the latter including the gene for the active GRα in particular in those with a high HAMD score. The reduced GRα expression correlated strongly to the upregulation of the inflammatory genes in monocytes. Serum levels of IL6, IL8, CCL2 and VEGF were significantly increased in patients compared to controls. Our data show the deregulation of two interrelated homoeostatic systems, that is, the immune system and the glucocorticoid system, co-occurring in major depression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.