ReviewClinical biochemistry2014
The procurement, storage, and quality assurance of frozen blood and tissue biospecimens in pathology, biorepository, and biobank settings.
Review in Clinical biochemistry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Guidelines for the standardized collection of blood-based biomarkers in psychiatry: Steps for laboratory validity - a consensus of the Biomarkers Task Force from the WFSBP.The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2019Guideline
- T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Paediatric biobanking in the era of precision medicine: ethical, regulatory, and scientific challenges from childhood to adulthood.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Iranian Chronic Kidney Disease Biobank as a comprehensive resource for next-generation research: study design and protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Formaldehyde embalming alters biomechanical strain of human cervical spinal dura mater: quantification and implications from paired fresh-frozen and embalmed specimens.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Article
- Molecular Solution to the Paradox of Ancient Brain Preservation.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- Extracellular Particles Isolated from Leftover Discarded Formalin-Fixed Tissues Exhibit Atypical Extracellular RNA Profiles.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Fix or freeze? Spectral differences arising from tissue preparation in chemical imaging.The Analyst · 2026Article
- Pilot Assessment of RNA Stabilization Methods for Influenza A Virus in Swine Oral Fluids.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Forensic analysis of formalin-fixed non-paraffin-embedded tissues: a comparative study of STR and mtDNA profiling.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Comparison of Mineral Levels in Blood and Hair Samples of Healthy Adults: Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Hair Mineral Analysis.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- PFOS and PFOA exposure induces liver injury and sex-dependent immune effects in C57BL/6 mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Characterizing Human Milk RNA Degradation Over Time to Optimize Storage of Human Milk for RNA Quality.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptomic profiling reveals immune and molecular stage-specific signatures of colorectal cancer in hispanics living in Puerto Rico.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The effect of cold ischemia time on hypoxia, EMT, and apoptosis pathways in normal colon mucosa.PloS one · 2026Article
- Microfluidic point-of-care testing for antimicrobial resistance: advances, strategies, and One Health perspectives.Science in One Health · 2026Review
- Contrastive learning enhances fairness in pathology artificial intelligence systems.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical utility of 'Shaken' biopsies for whole-genome sequencing.Journal of clinical pathology · 2025Article
- Fix or Freeze? Spectral Differences Arising from Tissue Preparation in Chemical Imaging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Well preserved frozen biospecimens are ideal for evaluating the genome, transcriptome, and proteome. While papers reviewing individual aspects of frozen biospecimens are available, we present a current overview of experimental data regarding procurement, storage, and quality assurance that can inform the handling of frozen biospecimens. Frozen biospecimen degradation can be influenced by factors independent of the collection methodology including tissue type, premortem agonal changes, and warm ischemia time during surgery. Rapid stabilization of tissues by snap freezing immediately can mitigate artifactually altered gene expression and, less appreciated, protein phosphorylation profiles. Collection protocols may be adjusted for specific tissue types as cellular ischemia tolerance varies widely. If data is not available for a particular tissue type, a practical goal is snap freezing within 20min. Tolerance for freeze-thaw events is also tissue type dependent. Tissue storage at -80°C can preserve DNA and protein for years but RNA can show degradation at 5years. For -80°C freezers, aliquots frozen in RNAlater or similar RNA stabilizing solutions are a consideration. It remains unresolved as to whether storage at -150°C provides significant advantages relative to that at -80°C. Histologic quality assurance of tissue biospecimens is typically performed at the time of surgery but should also be conducted on the aliquot to be distributed because of tissue heterogeneity. Biobanking protocols for blood and its components are highly dependent on intended use and multiple collection tube types may be needed. Additional quality assurance testing should be dictated by the anticipated downstream applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.