ReviewEndocrine reviews2014
Adverse health consequences of performance-enhancing drugs: an Endocrine Society scientific statement.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 205 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Biochemical liver damage during gender affirming therapy in trans adults assigned female at birth: a meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of anabolic steroid users seeking support from physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- AMI and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: Case Report with Systematic Review.Current cardiology reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids on the Reproductive System of Athletes and Recreational Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Pooled it
- Modified-release gliclazide acutely improves recovery but causes undesirable blood glucose decrease after a resistance exercise session in healthy adults: a pilot study for a randomized clinical trial.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Recombinant erythropoietin acutely decreases renal perfusion and decouples the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.Physiological reports · 2018Trial
- Replicating motivational and cognitive-motivational typologies of doping attitudes among recreational fitness athletes: implications for harm reduction and risk communication.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Multidisciplinary and Personalized Molecular Diagnosis to Solving Sudden Death During Sport.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Post-cycle therapy after androgen abuse: a narrative review of mechanisms, evidence, and clinical perspectives.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Erythropoiesis-Targeted Doping in Sports: From Improved Oxygen Transport to Cardiovascular Risk.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Greater Intraminority Stressors Predict Body Dissatisfaction, Cognitive Restraint, and More Muscle Building One Month Later in Sexual Minoritized Men.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Enhanced games and performance-optimized athletes: anticipating the orthopedic challenges, a narrative review.Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica · 2026Review
- Testosterone abuse in Brazil: a growing public health challenge.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Demystifying Nutritional Consequences of Pharmacological Weight Loss and Performance Enhancement-A Critical Narrative Review.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Nonlinear association between muscle quality index and stroke risk in American adults: a national cross-sectional study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: Emerging Use Disorder, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Considerations for Pharmacotherapy.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2026Article
- Watching risk: fairness, medical supervision, and the spectator problem in the enhanced games.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, media attention has focused almost entirely on PED use by elite athletes to illicitly gain a competitive advantage in sports, and not on the health risks of PEDs. There is a widespread misperception that PED use is safe or that adverse effects are manageable. In reality, the vast majority of PED users are not athletes but rather nonathlete weightlifters, and the adverse health effects of PED use are greatly underappreciated. This scientific statement synthesizes available information on the medical consequences of PED use, identifies gaps in knowledge, and aims to focus the attention of the medical community and policymakers on PED use as an important public health problem. PED users frequently consume highly supraphysiologic doses of PEDs, combine them with other PEDs and/or other classical drugs of abuse, and display additional associated risk factors. PED use has been linked to an increased risk of death and a wide variety of cardiovascular, psychiatric, metabolic, endocrine, neurologic, infectious, hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal disorders. Because randomized trials cannot ethically duplicate the large doses of PEDs and the many factors associated with PED use, we need observational studies to collect valid outcome data on the health risks associated with PEDs. In addition, we need studies regarding the prevalence of PED use, the mechanisms by which PEDs exert their adverse health effects, and the interactive effects of PEDs with sports injuries and other high-risk behaviors. We also need randomized trials to assess therapeutic interventions for treating the adverse effects of PEDs, such as the anabolic-androgen steroid withdrawal syndrome. Finally, we need to raise public awareness of the serious health consequences of PEDs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.