ReviewEpidemiology and infection2014
Prevalence and control of H7 avian influenza viruses in birds and humans.
Review in Epidemiology and infection, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and Safety of an AS03-Adjuvanted H7N9 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in a Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Neutralizing and protective monoclonal antibodies identify antigenic sites in influenza H7 hemagglutinin and select for amino acid substitutions rarely observed at the global level.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Disentangling the drivers and host-mediated global spread of H7 influenza A virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The neuro-immune crosstalk between periphery and central nervous system during acute immune response to virus-mimicking RNA in parrots.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Simultaneous Differential Detection of H5, H7, H9 and Nine NA Subtypes of Avian Influenza Viruses via a GeXP Assay.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The role of PB1-F2 in adaptation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H7N7 in chickens.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Molecular and In Vivo Characterization of the High Pathogenicity H7N6 Avian Influenza Virus That Emerged in South African Poultry in 2023.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of H7N7 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from South Korea.Viruses · 2021Article
- Bird flu outbreak amidst COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: Efforts and challenges at hand.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- Biological Properties and Genetic Characterization of Novel Low Pathogenic H7N3 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Mallard Ducks in the Caspian Region, Dagestan, Russia.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK.Viruses · 2021Article
- Development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against H7 avian influenza virus.BMC veterinary research · 2021Article
- The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Intranasally administered protein coated chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating influenza H9N2 HA2 and M2e mRNA molecules elicit protective immunity against avian influenza viruses in chickens.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Characterization and Phylodynamics of Reassortant H12Nx Viruses in Northern Eurasia.Microorganisms · 2019Article
- Global patterns of avian influenza A (H7): virus evolution and zoonotic threats.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The H7 subtype HA gene has been found in combination with all nine NA subtype genes. Most exhibit low pathogenicity and only rarely high pathogenicity in poultry (and humans). During the past few years infections of poultry and humans with H7 subtypes have increased markedly. This review summarizes the emergence of avian influenza virus H7 subtypes in birds and humans, and the possibilities of its control in poultry. All H7Nx combinations were reported from wild birds, the natural reservoir of the virus. Geographically, the most prevalent subtype is H7N7, which is endemic in wild birds in Europe and was frequently reported in domestic poultry, whereas subtype H7N3 is mostly isolated from the Americas. In humans, mild to fatal infections were caused by subtypes H7N2, H7N3, H7N7 and H7N9. While infections of humans have been associated mostly with exposure to domestic poultry, infections of poultry have been linked to wild birds or live-bird markets. Generally, depopulation of infected poultry was the main control tool; however, inactivated vaccines were also used. In contrast to recent cases caused by subtype H7N9, human infections were usually self-limiting and rarely required antiviral medication. Close genetic and antigenic relatedness of H7 viruses of different origins may be helpful in development of universal vaccines and diagnostics for both animals and humans. Due to the wide spread of H7 viruses and their zoonotic importance more research is required to better understand the epidemiology, pathobiology and virulence determinants of these viruses and to develop improved control tools.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.