Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2014
The VEGF inhibitor axitinib has limited effectiveness as a therapy for adrenocortical cancer.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cabozantinib plus Atezolizumab in Advanced, Progressive Endocrine Malignancies: A Multicohort, Basket, Phase II Trial (CABATEN/GETNE-T1914).Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Clinical management and outcomes associated with etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin plus mitotane treatment in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a single institute experience.International journal of clinical oncology · 2021Trial
- PD-1 Blockade in Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2020Trial
- Review
- Oncological Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: An Update and Critical Review.Oncology and therapy · 2025Review
- Spanish consensus on the diagnosis and management of adrenocortical carcinoma.Endocrine-related cancer · 2025Review
- Frontiers in Systemic Therapy for Unresectable or Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Harnessing Novel Therapeutic Approaches.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic strategies for adrenocortical carcinoma: integrating genomic insights, molecular targeting, and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Efficacy of systemic therapy in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma: a meta-analysis of prospective clinical trials.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Article
- Adrenocortical Carcinomas: Molecular Pathogenesis, Treatment Options, and Emerging Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy Approaches.The oncologist · 2024Review
- Systemic Management of Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Current Status and Future Direction in the Treatment of Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Expression of EMP 1, 2, and 3 in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasm and Pheochromocytoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Targeted Therapy for Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Genomic-Based Search for Available and Emerging Options.Cancers · 2022Article
- Temporal Trends in Outcomes in Patients With Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Multidisciplinary Referral-center Experience.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Whole-genome and transcriptome analysis of advanced adrenocortical cancer highlights multiple alterations affecting epigenome and DNA repair pathways.Cold Spring Harbor molecular case studies · 2022Article
- Review
- The Challenging Pharmacokinetics of Mitotane: An Old Drug in Need of New Packaging.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis in need of more effective treatment options. Published evidence indicates many ACCs express the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), suggesting inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor signaling could potentially impact tumor growth.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the antitumor efficacy of axitinib (AG-013736), a potent, selective inhibitor of VEGFR1, -2, and -3.
designThis was a phase II, open-label trial using a two-stage design. PATIENTS: Thirteen patients with metastatic ACC previously treated with at least one chemotherapy regimen with or without mitotane participated in the study.
interventionStarting axitinib dose was 5 mg orally twice daily. Dose escalations were permitted if the administered dose was tolerable.
resultsThirteen patients were enrolled. Dose escalation was possible in seven patients, but the majority could not tolerate a dose higher than the starting 5 mg, twice-daily dose for prolonged periods of time. All patients experienced known grade 1/2 toxicities, and 10 of 13 patients had at least one grade 3/4 adverse event. No patient tumor could be scored as a Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response, although the growth rate on therapy compared with that prior to starting axitinib was reduced in 4 of the 13 patients. The median progression-free survival was 5.48 months, and the median overall survival was longer than 13.7 months.
conclusionAxitinib has limited effectiveness in ACC. Together with 48 patients previously reported who received either sorafenib or sunitinib, a total of 61 ACC patients have now been treated with a VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor without an objective Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response. Future trials in ACC should look to other targets for possible active agents.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.