ArticlePloS one2014
Culicoides midge bites modulate the host response and impact on bluetongue virus infection in sheep.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical disease in British sheep infected with an emerging strain of bluetongue virus serotype 3.The Veterinary record · 2025Article
- A Review on Reliable and Standardized Animal Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Schmallenberg Virus in Ruminant Natural Host Species.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Visualisation of Bluetongue Virus in the Salivary Apparatus of Culicoides Biting Midges Highlights the Accessory Glands as a Primary Arboviral Infection Site.Biological procedures online · 2023Article
- Inhibition of the IFN Response by Bluetongue Virus: The Story So Far.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- The life-cycle of the avian haemosporidian parasite Haemoproteus majoris, with emphasis on the exoerythrocytic and sporogonic development.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Sporogony of four Haemoproteus species (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae), with report of in vitro ookinetes of Haemoproteus hirundinis: phylogenetic inference indicates patterns of haemosporidian parasite ookinete development.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Review
- Review
- A new blood parasite of leaf warblers: molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationships, description and identification of vectors.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Physiological and immunological responses to Culicoides sonorensis blood-feeding: a murine model.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- A Rift Valley fever virus Gn ectodomain-based DNA vaccine induces a partial protection not improved by APC targeting.NPJ vaccines · 2018Article
- Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bluetongue.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2017Article
- Follicular dendritic cell disruption as a novel mechanism of virus-induced immunosuppression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Using shared needles for subcutaneous inoculation can transmit bluetongue virus mechanically between ruminant hosts.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Hyaluronidase Activity in Saliva of European Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2016Article
- Virus and host factors affecting the clinical outcome of bluetongue virus infection.Journal of virology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Many haematophagous insects produce factors that help their blood meal and coincidently favor pathogen transmission. However nothing is known about the ability of Culicoides midges to interfere with the infectivity of the viruses they transmit. Among these, Bluetongue Virus (BTV) induces a hemorrhagic fever- type disease and its recent emergence in Europe had a major economical impact. We observed that needle inoculation of BTV8 in the site of uninfected C. nubeculosus feeding reduced viraemia and clinical disease intensity compared to plain needle inoculation. The sheep that developed the highest local inflammatory reaction had the lowest viral load, suggesting that the inflammatory response to midge bites may participate in the individual sensitivity to BTV viraemia development. Conversely compared to needle inoculation, inoculation of BTV8 by infected C. nubeculosus bites promoted viraemia and clinical symptom expression, in association with delayed IFN- induced gene expression and retarded neutralizing antibody responses. The effects of uninfected and infected midge bites on BTV viraemia and on the host response indicate that BTV transmission by infected midges is the most reliable experimental method to study the physio-pathological events relevant to a natural infection and to pertinent vaccine evaluation in the target species. It also leads the way to identify the promoting viral infectivity factors of infected Culicoides in order to possibly develop new control strategies against BTV and other Culicoides transmitted viruses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.