ArticleThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale2013
Increasing HIV subtype diversity and its clinical implications in a sentinel North American population.
Article in The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
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- The importance of epistasis in the evolution of viral pathogens.Virus evolution · 2025Review
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- Nanodepots Encapsulating a Latency Reversing Agent and Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Enhance Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity Against an in vitro Model of Latent HIV.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- New infections and HIV-1 subtypes among febrile persons and blood donors in Oyo State, Nigeria.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- Article
- Diversity and characterization of HIV-1 subtypes in the United States, 2008-2016.Annals of epidemiology · 2019Article
- HIV Subtype and Nef-Mediated Immune Evasion Function Correlate with Viral Reservoir Size in Early-Treated Individuals.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Development of sensitive ddPCR assays to reliably quantify the proviral DNA reservoir in all common circulating HIV subtypes and recombinant forms.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- Early Presence of HIV-1 Subtype C in Washington, D.C.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Heterogeneity of Neuropsychological Impairment in HIV Infection: Contributions from Mild Cognitive Impairment.Neuropsychology review · 2017Review
- Article
- Rising prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtypes in North Carolina and evidence for local onward transmission.Virus evolution · 2017Article
- Multiple introductions and onward transmission of non-pandemic HIV-1 subtype B strains in North America and Europe.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Mortality of treated HIV-1 positive individuals according to viral subtype in Europe and Canada: collaborative cohort analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Impact of the HIV Tat C30C31S dicysteine substitution on neuropsychological function in patients with clade C disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2014Article
- Subgenomic sequence analysis reveals emergence of new circulating recombinant forms of HIV-1 in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHIV-1 is a highly diverse virus; subtypes may exhibit differences in rates of transmission, disease progression, neurotoxicity, antiretroviral treatment failure profiles and accuracy of viral load measurements. To date, the HIV epidemic in Canada and the rest of the developed world has been largely due to subtype B; however, shifts in subtype epidemiology could have significant implications.
objectiveTo determine whether there has been an increase in HIV subtype diversity in southern Alberta, Canada.
methodsAll 2358 patients receiving any HIV care between December 31, 2001 and December 31, 2010 were included in a retrospective analysis of subtype prevalence and incidence. In an indexed analysis, subtype trends from 1994 to 2010 were also evaluated.
resultsBetween 2001 and 2010, the prevalence of non-B HIV subtypes in patients with a known subtype increased from 7% to 24%. In 2010, the most prevalent non-B subtypes were C (65%), A (11%), CRF02_AG (9.7%), CRF01_AE (4.9%), D (3.9%), G (2.9%) and CRF06_cpx (1.5%). In the indexed analysis, there was an overall proportional increase in non-B subtypes of 2.3% per year. The year-over-year increase in the prevalence of patients infected with a nonsubtype B virus increased from 13% from 1995 to 2002 to 27% from 2003 to 2010 (P=0.01). Incident non-B subtype cases increased from 9.6% to 32.4% over these time periods.
conclusionsThis recent and dramatic shift in HIV strain diversity in Canada is unprecedented and may have important public health, research and clinical consequences.
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