ArticleJournal of neurovirology2014
Brain viral burden, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in HAART-treated HIV positive injecting drug users.
Article in Journal of neurovirology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lactoferrin Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Exhibit Differential Associations with Alzheimer's Disease.Research square · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Lactoferrin levels in cerebrospinal fluid exhibits isoform-specific associations with Alzheimer's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- A Single-Cell Perspective on the Effects of Dopamine in the Regulation of HIV Latency Phenotypes in a Myeloid Cell Model.Viruses · 2025Article
- Fentanyl dysregulates neuroinflammation and disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity in HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Role of Monocyte/Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of NeuroHIV.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- HIV and COVID-19: two pandemics with significant (but different) central nervous system complications.Free neuropathology · 2024Article
- Opioid abuse and SIV infection in non-human primates.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Review
- Clinical evidence of human pathogens implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology and the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobials: an overview.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Review
- Biomarkers of central and peripheral inflammation mediate the association between HIV and depressive symptoms.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- Progressive Degeneration and Adaptive Excitability in Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptor-Expressing Striatal Neurons Exposed to HIV-1 Tat and Morphine.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Article
- HIV-1 and opiates modulate miRNA profiles in extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation in HIV-associated depression: evidence and future perspectives.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Neuropathologic Findings in Elderly HIV-Positive Individuals.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Morphine suppresses peripheral responses and transforms brain myeloid gene expression to favor neuropathogenesis in SIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Treatment with buprenorphine prior to EcoHIV infection of mice prevents the development of neurocognitive impairment.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Article
- Chronic morphine administration differentially modulates viral reservoirs in SIVmac251 infected rhesus macaque model.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Morphine and HIV-1 Tat interact to cause region-specific hyperphosphorylation of tau in transgenic mice.Neuroscience letters · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The long-term impact of chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on brain status in injecting drug users (IDU) treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is unknown. Viral persistence in the brain with ongoing neuroinflammation may predispose to Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the brains of ten HAART-treated individuals (six IDU and four non-DU), compared with ten HIV negative controls (six IDU and four non-DU). HIV DNA levels in brain tissue were correlated with plasma and lymphoid tissue viral loads, cognitive status, microglial activation and Tau protein and amyloid deposition. Brain HIV proviral DNA levels were low in most cases but higher in HIV encephalitis (n = 2) and correlated significantly with levels in lymphoid tissue (p = 0.0075), but not with those in plasma. HIV positive subjects expressed more Tau protein and amyloid than HIV negative controls (highest in a 58 year old), as did IDU, but brain viral loads showed no relation to Tau and amyloid. Microglial activation linked significantly to HIV positivity (p = 0.001) and opiate abuse accentuated these microglial changes (p = 0.05). This study confirms that HIV DNA persists in brains despite HAART and that opiate abuse adds to the risk of brain damage in HIV positive subjects. Novel findings in this study show that (1) plasma levels are not a good surrogate indicator of brain status, (2) viral burden in brain and lymphoid tissues is related, and (3) while Tau and amyloid deposition is increased in HIV positive IDU, this is not specifically related to increased HIV burden within the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.