Trial reportTobacco control2015
Cigarette packaging and health warnings: the impact of plain packaging and message framing on young smokers.
Trial report in Tobacco control, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Message Framing on Cancer Prevention and Detection Behaviors, Intentions, and Attitudes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Tobacco packaging design for reducing tobacco use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Enhancing Smoking Risk Communications: The Influence of Health Literacy and Message Content.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2018Trial
- A Medical Student-Delivered Smoking Prevention Program, Education Against Tobacco, for Secondary Schools in Germany: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2017Trial
- Framing Indoor Tanning Warning Messages to Reduce Skin Cancer Risks Among Young Women: Implications for Research and Policy.American journal of public health · 2015Trial
- Article
- Framing effects on smoking cessation intentions: A quasi-experimental study of gain- versus loss-framed text messages among male smokers in China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Knowledge, perceived harms and reasons for use of disposable electronic cigarettes among youth: a qualitative study in Switzerland.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Pharmaceuticalisation as the tobacco industry's endgame.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Knowledge and Perception about Health Risks of Cigarette Smoking among Youngsters in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Will plain packaging of cigarettes achieve the expected? Perceptions among medical students.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Effects of pictorial warning label message framing and standardized packaging on cigarette packaging appeal among young adult smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
- Usability and Acceptability of Two Smartphone Apps for Smoking Cessation Among Young Adults With Serious Mental Illness: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR mental health · 2021Article
- Perceived efficacy of existing waterpipe tobacco warning labels versus novel enhanced generic and waterpipe-specific sets.PloS one · 2021Article
- Framing pregnancy-related smoking cessation messages for women of reproductive age.Addictive behaviors reports · 2020Article
- Taxation and tobacco plain packaging effect on Saudi smokers quitting intentions in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2020Article
- Peer-to-Peer Social Media as an Effective Prevention Strategy: Quasi-Experimental Evaluation.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2020Article
- The Experimental Tobacco Marketplace: Demand and Substitutability as a Function of Cigarette Taxes and e-Liquid Subsidies.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study examined the impact of pictorial cigarette-warning labels, warning-label message framing and plain cigarette packaging, on young adult smokers' motivation to quit.
methodsSmokers aged 18-30 years (n=740) from a consumer research panel were randomised to one of four experimental conditions where they viewed online images of four cigarette packs with warnings about lung disease, cancer, stroke/heart disease and death, respectively. Packs differed across conditions by warning-message framing (gain vs loss) and packaging (branded vs plain). Measures captured demographics, smoking behaviour, covariates and motivation to quit in response to cigarette packs.
resultsPictorial warnings about lung disease and cancer generated the strongest motivation to quit across conditions. Adjusting for pretest motivation and covariates, a message framing by packaging interaction revealed gain-framed warnings on plain packs generated greater motivation to quit for lung disease, cancer and mortality warnings (p<0.05), compared with loss-framed warnings on plain packs.
conclusionsWarnings combining pictorial depictions of smoking-related health risks with text-based messages about how quitting reduces risks, may achieve better outcomes among young adults, especially in countries considering or implementing plain packaging regulations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.