Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2014
Trends in incidence, management, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the United States.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 271 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative
Spoke-hub shock protocol management according to scai class in turin and milan area
The Role of Swan-Ganz Catheter in Hemodynamic Resuscitation for Patients With Cardiogenic Shock
Cardiovascular Outcomes Registry in Cardiogenic SHOCK
Who cites it
271 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Resource utilization associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation vs. microaxial flow pump for infarct-related cardiogenic shock.European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care · 2025Pooled it
- The economic burden of ischaemic heart diseases on health systems: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in treatments and outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and epidemiological meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with and without intra-aortic balloon pump in adult cardiogenic shock.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Mortality in cardiogenic shock patients receiving mechanical circulatory support: a network meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Multivessel vs. Culprit Vessel-Only Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Impella in cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2020Pooled it
- Validation of the Mayo Clinic Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Risk Prediction Score in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or standard care in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: the multicentre, randomised EURO SHOCK trial.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Trial
- Lactate Clearance as a Surrogate for Mortality in Cardiogenic Shock: Insights From the DOREMI Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Trial
- Sex-related presentation, outcome, and treatment in CICU: the SPOTlight STUDY.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Temporal Trends in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction in South Korea.Korean circulation journal · 2026Article
- Intra-aortic balloon pump use and in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction with Killip class III or IV: a nationwide cohort study.Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Clinical applications of oXiris membranes: Targeting inflammation and renal dysfunction in ICU patients.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of PoCUS in the Diagnosis and Early Monitoring of Cardiogenic Shock in the Emergency Department: A Narrative Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Pre-admission statins and circulatory collapse at hospital arrival in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Open heart · 2026Article
- Positioning Statement on the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Cardiovascular Medicine - 2026.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2026Article
- Exploration of the Clinical Assessment and Prognostic Value of Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention Shock Staging in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock on Veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Temporal and demographic trends in cardiogenic shock and chronic ischemic heart disease-related mortality among U.S adults aged 45 years and older: a 25 year nationwide analysis with ARIMA forecasting.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
211 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLimited information is available on the contemporary and potentially changing trends in the incidence, management, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND
resultsWe queried the 2003-2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify all patients ≥ 40 years of age with STEMI and cardiogenic shock. Overall and age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific trends in incidence of cardiogenic shock, early mechanical revascularization, and intra-aortic balloon pump use, and inhospital mortality were analyzed. From 2003 to 2010, among 1 990 486 patients aged ≥ 40 years with STEMI, 157 892 (7.9%) had cardiogenic shock. The overall incidence rate of cardiogenic shock in patients with STEMI increased from 6.5% in 2003 to 10.1% in 2010 (P(trend)<0.001). There was an increase in early mechanical revascularization (30.4% to 50.7%, P(trend)<0.001) and intra-aortic balloon pump use (44.8% to 53.7%, P(trend)<0.001) in these patients over the 8-year period. Inhospital mortality decreased significantly, from 44.6% to 33.8% (P(trend)<0.001; adjusted OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.75), whereas the average total hospital cost increased from $35 892 to $45 625 (P(trend)<0.001) during the study period. There was no change in the average length of stay (P(trend)=0.394). These temporal trends were similar in patients <75 and ≥ 75 years of age, men and women, and across each racial/ethnic group.
conclusionsThe incidence of cardiogenic shock complicating STEMI has increased during the past 8 years together with increased use of early mechanical revascularization and intra-aortic balloon pumps. There has been a concomitant decrease in risk-adjusted inhospital mortality, but an increase in total hospital costs during this period.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.