Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24418506›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2014

Layer-dependent BOLD and CBV-weighted fMRI responses in the rat olfactory bulb.

Alexander John Poplawsky, Seong-Gi Kim

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. TMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Type-I nNOS neurons orchestrate cortical neural activity and vasomotion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Alexander John PoplawskyNeuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: ajp94@pitt.edu.
Seong-Gi KimNeuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Sungkyunkwan University · KRUniversity of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

Neurovascular Mechanisms of Layer-specific fMRIR01EB003324 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI FUKUDA, MITSUHIRO · 2003 to 2019
$4.7M
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF FUNCTIONAL MRI SIGNALSR01EB003375 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI KIM, SEONG · 2003 to 2013
$2.8M
Training in the Neurobiology of Neurodegenerative DiseaseT32NS007391 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ZIGMOND, MICHAEL J · 1997 to 2013
$2.3M
TRAINING IN THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERST32MH018273 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ZIGMOND, MICHAEL J · 1985 to 2010
$1.8M
NIBIB NIH HHS EB003324NIBIB NIH HHS EB003375NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB003324NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB003375NIMH NIH HHS MH18273NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018273NINDS NIH HHS NS07391NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS007391
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The olfactory bulb is a laminarized brain structure involved in odor sensation that has important implications to basic neuroscience research, like mechanisms for neurovascular coupling and early disease diagnosis. To investigate laminar-dependent responses to odor exposure, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood volume weighted (CBVw) fMRI with iron oxide nanoparticle contrast agent were obtained with 110×110×500μm(3) resolution in urethane-anesthetized rats at 9.4T. The baseline total CBV is the largest at the olfactory bulb surface and midline, and decreases in the deeper layers, while a band of increased microvasculature density is observed at the glomerular, external plexiform and mitral cell layers. With odor exposure, CBVw fMRI is more sensitive and reproducible than BOLD. BOLD fMRI had the greatest activation on the bulb surface, midline, olfactory nerve and glomerular layers, while CBVw activation peaked in glomerular and external plexiform layers, but was still significant in mitral cell layer. Negative BOLD responses were observed in the bulb midline and near large blood vessels. CBVw laminar profiles are similar to the layer-dependent metabolic changes to the same odor exposure reported by previous glucose metabolism studies. Unique activation patterns for two different odor conditions were also differentiated with CBVw fMRI. Our study suggests that CBVw activation better represents the spatial location of metabolic activity in the olfactory bulb than BOLD.

Indexed as

OdorantsAnimalsBlood VolumeBrainBrain MappingCerebrovascular CirculationData Interpretation, StatisticalFerric CompoundsImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMicrocirculationNanoparticlesOlfactory BulbOxygenRatsFerric Compoundsferric oxideOxygenBOLDCerebral blood volume (CBV)Functional MRILayer dependentMonocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION)Olfactory bulb

Identifiers

PMID24418506
PMCPMC3965612
OpenAlexW2018804848

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.