SynthesisHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association2014
Perceived racial discrimination and hypertension: a comprehensive systematic review.
Synthesis in Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 219 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mindfulness Attitude to Deliver Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension
Race Based Stress and Empowerment Focused Compensatory Cognitive Training for Mild Cognitive Impairment
Who cites it
219 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Digital Health Interventions for Hypertension Management in US Populations Experiencing Health Disparities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Everyday Discrimination Scale and biomarker outcomes.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Racism and Older Black Americans' Health: a Systematic Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Vascular depression in Black Americans: A systematic review of the construct and its cognitive, functional, and psychosocial correlates.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Physical Health Consequences and Acculturation Stress Among Latinx Individuals in the United States.Biological research for nursing · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Chronic Discrimination and Changes in Biology During Pregnancy Among African American Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2019Pooled it
- Links between discrimination and cardiovascular health among socially stigmatized groups: A systematic review.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Racial/ethnic discrimination and well-being during adolescence: A meta-analytic review.The American psychologist · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genetic Testing for APOL1 in Adults With Hypertension: The GUARDD-US Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Perceived Discrimination Among Surgical Residents at Academic Medical Centers.The Journal of surgical research · 2022Trial
- Demographic, Clinical and Social Determinants of Blood Pressure Control Among Black men who have had Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Race and Ethnicity as Factors in Healthcare Discrimination in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Dissociation between Perceived Discrimination and SDOH among Black and Hispanic Stroke Patients.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- CVD Environmental Health Disparities Tool: systematic evidence mapping of psychosocial stressors, environmental exposures, and cardiovascular diseases to inform disparities research and action.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Review
- The Association of County-level Structural Racism with Risk Factors for Negative Maternal Health and Birth Outcomes among Non-Hispanic Black People of Childbearing Age.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Racialized Sex-Based Harassment: A U.S.-Based Intersectional Framework for Understanding Harassment of Black Women and Men.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impaired LC-NE System-A Novel Molecular Mechanism Underlying Health Disparity and Increased Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease Among African Americans.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Observational
159 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDiscrimination is posited to underlie racial disparities in hypertension. Extant literature suggests a possible association between racial discrimination and blood pressure, although inconsistent findings have been reported. The aim of this comprehensive systematic review was to quantitatively evaluate the association between perceived racial discrimination with hypertensive status and systolic, diastolic, and ambulatory blood pressure.
methodElectronic database search of PubMed and PsycINFO (keywords: blood pressure/hypertension/diastolic/systolic, racism/discrimination/prejudice/unfair treatment) was combined with descendancy and ascendancy approaches. Forty-four articles (N = 32,651) met inclusion criteria. Articles were coded for demographics, hypertensive diagnosis, blood pressure measurement, discrimination measure and constructs, study quality, and effect sizes.
resultsRandom effects meta-analytic models were tested based on Fisher's Z, the derived common effect size metric. Overall, perceived racial discrimination was associated with hypertensive status, Zhypertension = 0.048, 95% CI [.013, .087], but not with resting blood pressure, Zsystolic = 0.011, 95% CI [-.006, .031], Zdiastolic = .016, 95% CI [-.006, .034]. Moderators that strengthened the relation included sex (male), race (Black), age (older), education (lower), and hypertensive status. Perceived discrimination was most strongly associated with nighttime ambulatory blood pressure, especially among Blacks.
conclusionsDespite methodological limitations in the existing literature, there was a small, significant association between perceived discrimination and hypertension. Future studies should consider ambulatory nighttime blood pressure, which may more accurately capture daily variation attributable to experienced racial discrimination. Perceived discrimination may partly explain racial health disparities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.