ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2014
Heterogeneities in Leishmania infantum infection: using skin parasite burdens to identify highly infectious dogs.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis.Veterinary dermatology · 2025Guideline
- Sand fly synthetic sex-aggregation pheromone co-located with insecticide reduces the incidence of infection in the canine reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis: A stratified cluster randomised trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Insecticide-impregnated dog collars reduce infantile clinical visceral leishmaniasis under operational conditions in NW Iran: A community-wide cluster randomised trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Trial
- Effectiveness of insecticide spraying and culling of dogs on the incidence of Leishmania infantum infection in humans: a cluster randomized trial in Teresina, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Trial
- Hair quantitative PCR outperforms blood analysis for detecting Leishmania DNA in dogs: a non-invasive tool for clinical states of infection.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis as a public health problem in Bangladesh: Lessons learned and questions remaining.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Household risk factors associated with canine leishmaniasis in Fortaleza, northeastern Brazil: Environmental, social, dog characteristics, and exposure to canineOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Urban canine leishmaniasis in an Amazonian municipality: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, distribution and phlebotomine fauna during the dry season, Brazil, 2023.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
- Dogs as Reservoirs for Leishmania donovani, Bihar, India, 2018-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Chronic High-Level Parasitemia in HIV-Infected Individuals With or Without Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area in Northwest Ethiopia: Potential Superspreaders?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Global Distribution of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis and the Role of the Dog in the Epidemiology of the Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Canine leishmaniasis in the Americas: etiology, distribution, and clinical and zoonotic importance.Parasites & vectors · 2024Review
- Comparative Study of Colorimetric In Situ Hybridization and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosis of Infection byTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Refinement of the rKLi8.3-Based Serodiagnostic ELISA Allows Detection of Canine Leishmaniosis in Dogs with Low Antibody Titers.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Role of theViruses · 2023Article
- Wild Mesocarnivores as Reservoirs of Endoparasites Causing Important Zoonoses and Emerging Bridging Infections across Europe.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- High levels of infectiousness of asymptomatic Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infections in wild rodents highlights their importance in the epidemiology of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Assessing reservoir host status in leishmaniasis with special reference to the infectiousness of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infections in wild rodents.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2023Review
- Livestock and rodents within an endemic focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis are not reservoir hosts for Leishmania donovani.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Canine Leishmaniasis: Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention.Veterinary sciences · 2022Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationships between heterogeneities in host infection and infectiousness (transmission to arthropod vectors) can provide important insights for disease management. Here, we quantify heterogeneities in Leishmania infantum parasite numbers in reservoir and non-reservoir host populations, and relate this to their infectiousness during natural infection. Tissue parasite number was evaluated as a potential surrogate marker of host transmission potential.
methodsParasite numbers were measured by qPCR in bone marrow and ear skin biopsies of 82 dogs and 34 crab-eating foxes collected during a longitudinal study in Amazon Brazil, for which previous data was available on infectiousness (by xenodiagnosis) and severity of infection.
resultsParasite numbers were highly aggregated both between samples and between individuals. In dogs, total parasite abundance and relative numbers in ear skin compared to bone marrow increased with the duration and severity of infection. Infectiousness to the sandfly vector was associated with high parasite numbers; parasite number in skin was the best predictor of being infectious. Crab-eating foxes, which typically present asymptomatic infection and are non-infectious, had parasite numbers comparable to those of non-infectious dogs.
conclusionsSkin parasite number provides an indirect marker of infectiousness, and could allow targeted control particularly of highly infectious dogs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.