ArticlePloS one2014
The Personalized Advantage Index: translating research on prediction into individualized treatment recommendations. A demonstration.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 178 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
178 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 501 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modifiers in Effects of Combined Pharmacotherapy and Psychotherapy versus Pharmacotherapy Alone for Adult Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Pooled it
- The contribution of depressive 'disorder characteristics' to determinations of prognosis for adults with depression: an individual patient data meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Psychotherapy or medication for depression? Using individual symptom meta-analyses to derive a Symptom-Oriented Therapy (SOrT) metric for a personalised psychiatry.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- A genome-wide association meta-analysis of prognostic outcomes following cognitive behavioural therapy in individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Is low positive emotionality a specific risk factor for depression? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Psychological bulletin · 2016Pooled it
- Divergent Outcomes in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Pharmacotherapy for Adult Depression.The American journal of psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Personalized Treatment Selection for Digital Eating Disorder Interventions: A Proof-of-Concept for the Personalized Advantage Index.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Trial
- Digital positive affect intervention (PAI) versus self-monitoring placebo in the treatment of anxiety and depression: a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT).BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Predicting optimal treatment allocation for cognitive analytic-guided self-help versus cognitive behavioural-guided self-help.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2025Trial
- Initial evaluation of a personalized advantage index to determine which individuals may benefit from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for suicide prevention.Behaviour research and therapy · 2024Trial
- Personalized Prediction of Response to Smartphone-Delivered Meditation Training: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
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- Personalized Depression Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Optimize Effects Through Risk-Informed Personalization.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2021Trial
- The importance of transdiagnostic symptom level assessment to understanding prognosis for depressed adults: analysis of data from six randomised control trials.BMC medicine · 2021Trial
- Development and validation of the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Skills Scale among college students.Evidence-based mental health · 2021Trial
- Mechanisms of change and heterogeneous treatment effects in psychodynamic and cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychology · 2021Trial
- One year follow-up and mediation in cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for adult depression.BMC psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Adapting the randomised controlled trial (RCT) for precision medicine: introducing the nested-precision RCT (npRCT).Trials · 2021Trial
- Precision medicine for long-term depression outcomes using the Personalized Advantage Index approach: cognitive therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy?Psychological medicine · 2021Trial
118 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdvances in personalized medicine require the identification of variables that predict differential response to treatments as well as the development and refinement of methods to transform predictive information into actionable recommendations.
objectiveTo illustrate and test a new method for integrating predictive information to aid in treatment selection, using data from a randomized treatment comparison.
methodData from a trial of antidepressant medications (N = 104) versus cognitive behavioral therapy (N = 50) for Major Depressive Disorder were used to produce predictions of post-treatment scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) in each of the two treatments for each of the 154 patients. The patient's own data were not used in the models that yielded these predictions. Five pre-randomization variables that predicted differential response (marital status, employment status, life events, comorbid personality disorder, and prior medication trials) were included in regression models, permitting the calculation of each patient's Personalized Advantage Index (PAI), in HRSD units.
resultsFor 60% of the sample a clinically meaningful advantage (PAI≥3) was predicted for one of the treatments, relative to the other. When these patients were divided into those randomly assigned to their "Optimal" treatment versus those assigned to their "Non-optimal" treatment, outcomes in the former group were superior (d = 0.58, 95% CI .17-1.01).
conclusionsThis approach to treatment selection, implemented in the context of two equally effective treatments, yielded effects that, if obtained prospectively, would rival those routinely observed in comparisons of active versus control treatments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.