ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2013
Orexin receptor antagonists as therapeutic agents for insomnia.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual orexin receptor antagonists for treatment of insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of suvorexant and lemborexant.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of discontinuation of lemborexant following long-term treatment of insomnia disorder: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Clinical and translational science · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy and safety of lemborexant in adults with insomnia: comparing Japanese and non-Japanese subgroups from the global, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled SUNRISE 2 study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Lemborexant, A Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist (DORA) for the Treatment of Insomnia Disorder: Results From a Bayesian, Adaptive, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2017Trial
- Sleep regulates drug seeking and relapse - a perspective.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Diagnosis, treatment, and associated outcomes of later-life insomnia: a narrative review.Sleep · 2025Review
- Improvement of autistic-like behaviors in adult rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid through early suppression of orexin receptor.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- 2023 Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Insomnia in Adults - Brazilian Sleep Association.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Review
- Discovery of Small-Molecule Antagonists of Orexin 1/2 Receptors from Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants with a Hypnotic Effect.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Daridorexant for the treatment of insomnia disorder: findings and implications.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Review
- Orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) protein distribution measured by autoradiography using radiolabeled OX2R-selective antagonist EMPA in rodent brain and peripheral tissues.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- The Orexin/Receptor System: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential for Neurological Diseases.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Review
- Hypothalamic Dysfunction and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Fatigue and Weight Dysregulation.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2016Review
- Clinical management of sleep disturbances in Alzheimer's disease: current and emerging strategies.Nature and science of sleep · 2016Review
- Pharmacological profiling of zebrafish behavior using chemical and genetic classification of sleep-wake modifiers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2015Article
- Opportunities and perspectives for developing orexin receptor antagonists.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insomnia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or non-restorative sleep with impairment of daytime functioning. Currently, treatment for insomnia involves a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBTi) and pharmacological therapy. Among pharmacological interventions, the most evidence exists for benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist drugs (GABAA receptor), although concerns persist regarding their safety and their limited efficacy. The use of these hypnotic medications must be carefully monitored for adverse effects. Orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides have been shown to regulate transitions between wakefulness and sleep by promoting cholinergic/monoaminergic neural pathways. This has led to the development of a new class of pharmacological agents that antagonize the physiological effects of orexin. The development of these agents may lead to novel therapies for insomnia without the side effect profile of hypnotics (e.g., impaired cognition, disturbed arousal, and motor balance difficulties). However, antagonizing a system that regulates the sleep-wake cycle may create an entirely different side effect profile. In this review, we discuss the role of orexin and its receptors on the sleep-wake cycle and that of orexin antagonists in the treatment of insomnia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.