ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2014
Safety of the surrogate microorganism Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 for use in thermal process validation.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative genomic and phenotypic profiling of commercial probiotic Enterococcus faecium strains: insights into safety and functional attributes.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Top-down/bottom-up consortia achieve robust γ-HCH degradation and reduced methanogenic contribution in wetlands.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- A Risk-Based Framework for Ranking Microbiological Hazards and Identifying Mitigation Strategies for Dried Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs, and Spices Used in Ready-to-Eat Foods.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Validation of Commercial Pasteurization and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Finely Minced Cooked Chicken Sausages in Wide-Diameter Polyamide Casings UsingFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Complete genome sequence ofJournal of animal science and technology · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization and Safety Evaluation ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genome analysis reveals a biased distribution of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the genusApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Postbiotic production, aggregation properties, binding potential, antioxidants capacity, and functional characterization of the leadAIMS microbiology · 2025Article
- Sub-lethal stress-induced cross-protection against ultraviolet-C inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Progress in the application of Enterococcus faecium in animal husbandry.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Phenotypic and genomic analyses of bacteriocin-producing probioticFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Inactivation kinetics of selected pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria by aqueous ozone to validate minimum usage in purified water.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Genomic insights into antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes ofMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Extracellular electron transfer increases fermentation in lactic acid bacteria via a hybrid metabolism.eLife · 2022Article
- Investigation on Potential ESKAPE Surrogates for 222 and 254 nm Irradiation Experiments.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Inactivation of indicator microorganisms and biological hazards by standard and/or alternative processing methods in Category 2 and 3 animal by-products and derived products to be used as organic fertilisers and/or soil improvers.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- Strain diversity of plant-associated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.Microbial biotechnology · 2021Article
- Plant-Scale Validation of Physical Heat Treatment of Poultry Litter Composts Using Surrogate and Indicator Microorganisms forApplied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Genome-based species-specific primers for rapid identification of six species of Lactobacillus acidophilus group using multiplex PCR.PloS one · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 is a surrogate microorganism used in place of pathogens for validation of thermal processing technologies and systems. We evaluated the safety of strain NRRL B-2354 based on its genomic and functional characteristics. The genome of E. faecium NRRL B-2354 was sequenced and found to comprise a 2,635,572-bp chromosome and a 214,319-bp megaplasmid. A total of 2,639 coding sequences were identified, including 45 genes unique to this strain. Hierarchical clustering of the NRRL B-2354 genome with 126 other E. faecium genomes as well as pbp5 locus comparisons and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that the genotype of this strain is most similar to commensal, or community-associated, strains of this species. E. faecium NRRL B-2354 lacks antibiotic resistance genes, and both NRRL B-2354 and its clonal relative ATCC 8459 are sensitive to clinically relevant antibiotics. This organism also lacks, or contains nonfunctional copies of, enterococcal virulence genes including acm, cyl, the ebp operon, esp, gelE, hyl, IS16, and associated phenotypes. It does contain scm, sagA, efaA, and pilA, although either these genes were not expressed or their roles in enterococcal virulence are not well understood. Compared with the clinical strains TX0082 and 1,231,502, E. faecium NRRL B-2354 was more resistant to acidic conditions (pH 2.4) and high temperatures (60°C) and was able to grow in 8% ethanol. These findings support the continued use of E. faecium NRRL B-2354 in thermal process validation of food products.
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