Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24411253›Full record

ArticleBiophysical journal2014

Atomistic simulations of pore formation and closure in lipid bilayers.

W F Drew Bennett, Nicolas Sapay, D Peter Tieleman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biophysical journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A nanoscale Jitterbug transformer from DNA.Nature communications · 2026
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  16. Passive transport of CaBiophysical journal · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

W F Drew BennettUniversity of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Molecular Simulation, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Nicolas SapayUniversity of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Molecular Simulation, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
D Peter TielemanUniversity of Calgary, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Molecular Simulation, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: tieleman@ucalgary.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cellular membranes separate distinct aqueous compartments, but can be breached by transient hydrophilic pores. A large energetic cost prevents pore formation, which is largely dependent on the composition and structure of the lipid bilayer. The softness of bilayers and the disordered structure of pores make their characterization difficult. We use molecular-dynamics simulations with atomistic detail to study the thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism of pore formation and closure in DLPC, DMPC, and DPPC bilayers, with pore formation free energies of 17, 45, and 78 kJ/mol, respectively. By using atomistic computer simulations, we are able to determine not only the free energy for pore formation, but also the enthalpy and entropy, which yields what is believed to be significant new insights in the molecular driving forces behind membrane defects. The free energy cost for pore formation is due to a large unfavorable entropic contribution and a favorable change in enthalpy. Changes in hydrogen bonding patterns occur, with increased lipid-water interactions, and fewer water-water hydrogen bonds, but the total number of overall hydrogen bonds is constant. Equilibrium pore formation is directly observed in the thin DLPC lipid bilayer. Multiple long timescale simulations of pore closure are used to predict pore lifetimes. Our results are important for biological applications, including the activity of antimicrobial peptides and a better understanding of membrane protein folding, and improve our understanding of the fundamental physicochemical nature of membranes.

Indexed as

Molecular Dynamics SimulationHydrogen BondingLipid BilayersPhosphatidylcholinesThermodynamicsLipid BilayersPhosphatidylcholines

Identifiers

PMID24411253
PMCPMC3907245

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.