ArticleRetrovirology2014
Novel restriction factor RNA-associated early-stage anti-viral factor (REAF) inhibits human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.
Article in Retrovirology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- The HIV-1 restriction factor RPRD2 does not inhibit transcription of HIV-1 or endogenous retroelements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in HIV-1: The Role of Virus-Host Protein Interactions.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Capsid-dependent lentiviral restrictions.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- HIV-1 Vpr Functions in Primary CD4Viruses · 2024Review
- Interactions between HIV proteins and host restriction factors: implications for potential therapeutic intervention in HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Primate TRIM34 is a broadly-acting, TRIM5-dependent lentiviral restriction factor.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Host Restriction Factors Modulating HIV Latency and Replication in Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- HIV-1 Accessory Protein Vpr Interacts with REAF/RPRD2 To Mitigate Its Antiviral Activity.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Article
- SB 9200, a novel agonist of innate immunity, shows potent antiviral activity against resistant HCV variants.Journal of medical virology · 2017Article
- RNA-Associated Early-Stage Antiviral Factor Is a Major Component of Lv2 Restriction.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Dynamic Modulation of Expression of Lentiviral Restriction Factors in Primary CD4Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Cyclophilins and nucleoporins are required for infection mediated by capsids from circulating HIV-2 primary isolates.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Inhibiting the Ins and Outs of HIV Replication: Cell-Intrinsic Antiretroviral Restrictions at the Plasma Membrane.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- TLR7/8 agonist induces a post-entry SAMHD1-independent block to HIV-1 infection of monocytes.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe discovery of novel anti-viral restriction factors illuminates unknown aspects of innate sensing and immunity. We identified RNA-associated Early-stage Anti-viral Factor (REAF) using a whole genome siRNA screen for restriction factors to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that act in the early phase of viral replication.
resultsWe observed more than 50 fold rescue of HIV-1 infection, using a focus forming unit (FFU) assay, following knockdown of REAF by specific siRNA. Quantitative PCR was used to show that REAF knockdown results in an increase of early and late reverse transcripts which impacts the level of integration. REAF thus appears to act at an early stage of the viral life cycle during reverse transcription. Conversely when REAF is over-expressed in target cells less infected cells are detectable and fewer reverse transcripts are produced. Human REAF can also inhibit HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. REAF associates with viral nucleic acids and may act to prevent reverse transcription.
conclusionsThis report firmly places REAF alongside APOBECs and SAMHD1 as a potent inhibitor of HIV replication acting early in the replication cycle, just after cell entry. We propose that REAF is part of an anti-viral surveillance system destroying incoming retroviruses. This novel mechanism could apply to invasion of cells by any intracellular pathogen.
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