ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2014
Tumor phenotype and breast density in distinct categories of interval cancer: results of population-based mammography screening in Spain.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Management of individuals with heterozygous germline pathogenic variants in RAD51C, RAD51D, and BRIP1: A clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2025Guideline
- A comparison of tumour characteristics of screen-detected and interval cancers and their relationship with breast density and AJCC prognostic stage in a UK screening cohort.European radiology · 2026Article
- Isolated Regional Nodal Recurrence After Primary Breast Cancer: Risk Factors and Survival by Mode of Detection.Journal of breast cancer · 2026Article
- Risk factors for interval breast cancer: insights from a decade of a mammography screening program.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- External Validation of a Commercial Artificial Intelligence Algorithm on a Diverse Population for Detection of False Negative Breast Cancers.Journal of breast imaging · 2025Article
- Genetic landscape of interval and screen detected breast cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Organized Mammography Screening for Different Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.Cancers · 2022Article
- The Impact of Dense Breasts on the Stage of Breast Cancer at Diagnosis: A Review and Options for Supplemental Screening.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
- Impact of Detection Mode in a Large Cohort of Women Taking Part in a Breast Screening Program.European journal of breast health · 2022Article
- The Relationship Between Mammographic Density and Factors Affecting Breast Cancer Risk.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2022Article
- Personalized Screening for Breast Cancer: Rationale, Present Practices, and Future Directions.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Review
- Digital Mammography and Breast Tomosynthesis Performance in Women with a Personal History of Breast Cancer, 2007-2016.Radiology · 2021Observational
- Survival among women diagnosed with screen-detected or interval breast cancer classified as true, minimal signs, or missed through an informed radiological review.European radiology · 2021Article
- Triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers found by mammography screening show excellent prognosis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2021Article
- Radiological review of prior screening mammograms of screen-detected breast cancer.European radiology · 2021Article
- Screening Algorithms in Dense Breasts:AJR. American journal of roentgenology · 2021Review
- Factors associated with readmissions in women participating in screening programs and treated for breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.BMC health services research · 2019Observational
- Interval breast cancer is associated with other types of tumors.Nature communications · 2019Article
- A review of the influence of mammographic density on breast cancer clinical and pathological phenotype.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2019Review
- Screening mammography for second breast cancers in women with history of early-stage breast cancer: factors and causes associated with non-detection.BMC medical imaging · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInterval cancers are tumors arising after a negative screening episode and before the next screening invitation. They can be classified into true interval cancers, false-negatives, minimal-sign cancers, and occult tumors based on mammographic findings in screening and diagnostic mammograms. This study aimed to describe tumor-related characteristics and the association of breast density and tumor phenotype within four interval cancer categories.
methodsWe included 2,245 invasive tumors (1,297 screening-detected and 948 interval cancers) diagnosed from 2000 to 2009 among 645,764 women aged 45 to 69 who underwent biennial screening in Spain. Interval cancers were classified by a semi-informed retrospective review into true interval cancers (n = 455), false-negatives (n = 224), minimal-sign (n = 166), and occult tumors (n = 103). Breast density was evaluated using Boyd's scale and was conflated into: <25%; 25 to 50%; 50 to 75%; >75%. Tumor-related information was obtained from cancer registries and clinical records. Tumor phenotype was defined as follows: luminal A: ER+/HER2- or PR+/HER2-; luminal B: ER+/HER2+ or PR+/HER2+; HER2: ER-/PR-/HER2+; triple-negative: ER-/PR-/HER2-. The association of tumor phenotype and breast density was assessed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. All statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsForty-eight percent of interval cancers were true interval cancers and 23.6% false-negatives. True interval cancers were associated with HER2 and triple-negative phenotypes (OR = 1.91 (95% CI:1.22-2.96), OR = 2.07 (95% CI:1.42-3.01), respectively) and extremely dense breasts (>75%) (OR = 1.67 (95% CI:1.08-2.56)). However, among true interval cancers a higher proportion of triple-negative tumors was observed in predominantly fatty breasts (<25%) than in denser breasts (28.7%, 21.4%, 11.3% and 14.3%, respectively; <0.001). False-negatives and occult tumors had similar phenotypic characteristics to screening-detected cancers, extreme breast density being strongly associated with occult tumors (OR = 6.23 (95% CI:2.65-14.66)). Minimal-sign cancers were biologically close to true interval cancers but showed no association with breast density.
conclusionsOur findings revealed that both the distribution of tumor phenotype and breast density play specific and independent roles in each category of interval cancer. Further research is needed to understand the biological basis of the overrepresentation of triple-negative phenotype among predominantly fatty breasts in true interval cancers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.