Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24409297›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

A cost effectiveness analysis of salt reduction policies to reduce coronary heart disease in four Eastern Mediterranean countries.

Helen Mason, Azza Shoaibi, Rula Ghandour, Martin O'Flaherty, Simon Capewell, Rana Khatib, Samer Jabr, Belgin Unal, Kaan Sözmen, Chokri Arfa and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.

Helen MasonYunus Centre for Social Business and Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Azza ShoaibiInstitute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine, Occupied Palestinian territory.
Rula GhandourInstitute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine, Occupied Palestinian territory.
Martin O'FlahertyDepartment of Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Simon CapewellDepartment of Public Health and Policy, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Rana KhatibInstitute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine, Occupied Palestinian territory.
Samer JabrDepartment of Health Economics, Ministry of Health, Nablus, Palestine, Occupied Palestinian territory.
Belgin UnalDokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, İnciraltı- İzmir, Turkiye.
Kaan SözmenNarlidere Community Health Center, Provincial Health Directorate of Izmir, Izmir, Turkey.
Chokri ArfaINTES/University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
Wafa AissiCardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Habiba Ben RomdhaneCardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
Fouad FouadSyrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria.
Radwan Al-AliSyrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria.
Abdullatif HusseiniInstitute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine, Occupied Palestinian territory ; Public Health Program, Department of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
MedCHAMPS project team
Birzeit University · PSSyrian Center for Tobacco Studies · SYTunis El Manar University · TNUniversity of Liverpool · GBDokuz Eylül University · TRGlasgow Caledonian University · GBIzmir University · TRQatar University · QAUniversity of Carthage · TN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCoronary Heart Disease (CHD) is rising in middle income countries. Population based strategies to reduce specific CHD risk factors have an important role to play in reducing overall CHD mortality. Reducing dietary salt consumption is a potentially cost-effective way to reduce CHD events. This paper presents an economic evaluation of population based salt reduction policies in Tunisia, Syria, Palestine and Turkey. METHODS AND

findingsThree policies to reduce dietary salt intake were evaluated: a health promotion campaign, labelling of food packaging and mandatory reformulation of salt content in processed food. These were evaluated separately and in combination. Estimates of the effectiveness of salt reduction on blood pressure were based on a literature review. The reduction in mortality was estimated using the IMPACT CHD model specific to that country. Cumulative population health effects were quantified as life years gained (LYG) over a 10 year time frame. The costs of each policy were estimated using evidence from comparable policies and expert opinion including public sector costs and costs to the food industry. Health care costs associated with CHDs were estimated using standardized unit costs. The total cost of implementing each policy was compared against the current baseline (no policy). All costs were calculated using 2010 PPP exchange rates. In all four countries most policies were cost saving compared with the baseline. The combination of all three policies (reducing salt consumption by 30%) resulted in estimated cost savings of $235,000,000 and 6455 LYG in Tunisia; $39,000,000 and 31674 LYG in Syria; $6,000,000 and 2682 LYG in Palestine and $1,3000,000,000 and 378439 LYG in Turkey.

conclusionDecreasing dietary salt intake will reduce coronary heart disease deaths in the four countries. A comprehensive strategy of health education and food industry actions to label and reduce salt content would save both money and lives.

Indexed as

Coronary DiseaseCost-Benefit AnalysisHealth PromotionHumansMiddle EastQuality-Adjusted Life YearsSodium Chloride, DietarySyriaTunisiaTurkeySodium Chloride, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID24409297
PMCPMC3883693
OpenAlexW2128210247

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.