Trial reportInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2014
Seasonal variations in the progression of myopia in children enrolled in the correction of myopia evaluation trial.
Trial report in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00000113 (Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET)
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: A systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence and Possible Factors of Myopia in Norwegian Adolescents.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Annual Solar Cycles: Investigating Seasonal Variations in Southern Norway and Their Potential Role in Human Eye Growth.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Review
- Comparison of Seasonal Variation in Myopia Progression: Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segment Spectacle Lenses in Combination with 0.01% Atropine vs Orthokeratology.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- IMI: The Role of Light in Refractive Development and Myopia: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- IMI-Interventions for Controlling Myopia Onset and Progression 2025.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Optical and Visual Diet in Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Perspectives on Genetic and Environmental Factors in Myopia, Its Prediction, and the Future Direction of Research.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- How Have Animal Models Increased our Understanding of Human Myopia?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Access to Myopia Care in the United States-A Narrative Review.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- The causal effect of multiple lifestyles and myopia: a Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Myopia and daylight-A combination of factors.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Development of the University of Houston near work, environment, activity, and refraction (UH NEAR) survey for myopia.Clinical & experimental optometry · 2024Article
- The influence of the environment and lifestyle on myopia.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2024Review
- A review of mechanism of action of outdoor exposure in preventing myopia incidence and progression.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate monthly and seasonal variations in the progression of myopia in children enrolled in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET).
methodsAn ethnically diverse cohort of 469 myopic 6- to <12 year-old children was randomized to single vision or progressive addition lenses and followed for 3 years with 98.5% retention. Progression of myopia was measured semiannually by noncycloplegic autorefraction (Nidek ARK 700A) and annually by cycloplegic autorefraction, with the former measurements used in these analyses. The semiannual progression rate was calculated as (change in spherical equivalent refraction between two consecutive semiannual visits/number of days between the two visits) times 182.5. Months were categorized as the midpoint between two visit dates. Seasons were classified as winter (October through March) or summer (April through September). The seasonal difference was tested using a linear mixed model adjusting for demographic variables (age, sex, ethnicity), baseline refraction, and treatment group.
resultsData from 358 children (mean [± SD] age = 9.84 ± 1.27 years; mean myopia = -2.54 ± 0.84 diopters [D]) met the criteria for these analyses. Myopia progression varied systematically by month; it was slower in April through September than in the other months. Mean progression in winter was -0.35 ± 0.34 D and in summer was -0.14 ± 0.32 D, a statistically significant difference (0.21 D, P < 0.0001). The same seasonal pattern was found by age, sex, ethnicity (except in the small sample of Asians), lens type, and clinical center.
conclusionsThe slower progression of myopia found in summer is likely related to children's spending more time outdoors and fewer hours in school. The data have clinical implications regarding the time of year and the frequency with which myopic children have eye examinations and the need for precise timing of visits in clinical trials testing new myopia treatments. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000113.).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.