ArticleNeuroscience2014
Connexin36 identified at morphologically mixed chemical/electrical synapses on trigeminal motoneurons and at primary afferent terminals on spinal cord neurons in adult mouse and rat.
Article in Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- BDNF-TrkB Signaling Engages a Src Family Kinase-Pannexin 1 Pathway During the Onset of Sustained Mechanical Hyperalgesia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Redefining the central pattern generator for vertebrate locomotion.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Cellular Characterization Using Microwave-Assisted Immunocytochemistry, A Time-Efficient Alternative to Traditional Immunocytochemistry.Current protocols · 2026Article
- Influence of extracellular magnesium ions on the functional state and biophysical and structural properties of connexin36 hemichannels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Double-Edged Effect of Connexins and Pannexins of Glial Cells in Central and Peripheral Nervous System After Nerve Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Association of connexin36 with adherens junctions at mixed synapses and distinguishing electrophysiological features of those at mossy fiber terminals in rat ventral hippocampus.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Patterns of connexin36 and eGFP reporter expression among motoneurons in spinal sexually dimorphic motor nuclei in mouse.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Connexins Control Glial Inflammation in Various Neurological Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Photobiomodulation augments the effects of mitochondrial transplantation in the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats by facilitating mitochondrial transfer to neurons via Connexin 36.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Detecting Early Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease with Brain Synaptic Structural and Functional Evaluation.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Roles of Calmodulin and CaMKII in Cx36 Plasticity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Connexin36 localization along axon initial segments in the mammalian CNS.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2020Article
- Altered Expression of Glial Gap Junction Proteins Cx43, Cx30, and Cx47 in the 5XFAD Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Fictive Scratching Patterns in Brain Cortex-Ablated, Midcollicular Decerebrate, and Spinal Cats.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2020Article
- On the occurrence and enigmatic functions of mixed (chemical plus electrical) synapses in the mammalian CNS.Neuroscience letters · 2019Review
- Dye-coupling between neonatal spinal motoneurons and interneurons revealed by prolonged back-filling of a ventral root with a low molecular weight tracer in the mouse.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Downregulation of Neuronal and Dendritic Connexin36-Made Electrical Synapses Without Glutamatergic Axon Terminals in Spinal Anterior Horn Cells From the Early Stage of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Article
- Electrical synapses in mammalian CNS: Past eras, present focus and future directions.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2018Review
- Spinal control of motor outputs by intrinsic and externally induced electric field potentials.Journal of neurophysiology · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Morphologically mixed chemical/electrical synapses at axon terminals, with the electrical component formed by gap junctions, is common in the CNS of lower vertebrates. In mammalian CNS, evidence for morphologically mixed synapses has been obtained in only a few locations. Here, we used immunofluorescence approaches to examine the localization of the neuronally expressed gap junction forming protein connexin36 (Cx36) in relation to the axon terminal marker vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (vglut1) in the spinal cord and the trigeminal motor nucleus (Mo5) of rat and mouse. In adult rodents, immunolabeling for Cx36 appeared exclusively as Cx36-puncta, and was widely distributed at all rostro-caudal levels in most spinal cord laminae and in the Mo5. A high proportion of Cx36-puncta was co-localized with vglut1, forming morphologically mixed synapses on motoneurons, in intermediate spinal cord lamina, and in regions of medial lamina VII, where vglut1-containing terminals associated with Cx36 converged on neurons adjacent to the central canal. Unilateral transection of lumbar dorsal roots reduced immunolabeling of both vglut1 and Cx36 in intermediate laminae and lamina IX. Further, vglut1-terminals displaying Cx36-puncta were contacted by terminals labeled for glutamic acid decarboxylase65, which is known to be contained in presynaptic terminals on large-diameter primary afferents. Developmentally, mixed synapses begin to emerge in the spinal cord only after the second to third postnatal week and thereafter increase to adult levels. Our findings demonstrate that axon terminals of primary afferent origin form morphologically mixed synapses containing Cx36 in broadly distributed areas of adult rodent spinal cord and Mo5.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.