Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24406409›Full record

ArticleEye (London, England)2014

Plasma and vitreous fluid levels of Dickkopf-1 in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

F Qiu, J He, Y Zhou, X Bai, G Wu, X Wang, Z Liu, Y Chen, J-X Ma, Z Liu

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Eye (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 88% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Diabetic Complications: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
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  8. Observational
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  13. Wnt Signaling in vascular eye diseases.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2019
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Increased levels of Dickkopf-1 are indicative of Wnt/β-catenin downregulation and lower osteoblast signaling in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, contributing to lower bone mineral density.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017
    Article
  19. Mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy induced by oxidative stress.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2017
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

F QiuEye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
J He1] Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China [2] Eye Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Y ZhouEye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
X BaiXiamen Eye Center Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
G WuXiamen Eye Center Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
X WangXiamen Eye Center Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Z LiuEye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Y ChenEye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
J-X MaDepartment of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Z LiuEye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Xiamen University · CNUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center · US

Funding

Project 5 VEGF Signaling in PhotoreceptorsP20GM104934 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI LE, YUN ZHENG · 2012 to 2016
$10.8M
A new pathogenic mechanism for diabetic retinopathyR01EY019309 · NEI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Jian-Xing Jay Ma · 2009 to 2026
$6.1M
The wnt signaling pathway in choroidal neovascularizationR01EY018659 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI MA, JIAN-XING · 2009 to 2019
$3.7M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY018659NEI NIH HHS R01 EY019309NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM104934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDickkopf-1 (DKK-1) is a secreted inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a pathogenic role in diabetic retinopathy (DR). We aimed to investigate whether DKK-1 levels in the plasma and the vitreous are associated with DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.

methodsCase-control study: plasma samples were collected from 125 type 2 DM including 81 DR (29 non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and 52 proliferative DR (PDR)), 44 non-DR patients (NDR), and 100 non-diabetic controls. Undiluted vitreous fluid samples were obtained from 30 PDR and 25 non-diabetic patients. DKK-1 concentrations in samples were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Variables were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and χ(2)-test, when appropriate.

resultsPlasma DKK-1 levels were significantly lower in DR patients (median: 465.77 pg/ml, range: 137.11-1190.31) than in non-diabetic controls (656.83 pg/ml, 171.63-1795.08; P<0.001) and NDR patients (693.04 pg/ml, 305.43-1218.35; P<0.001). Furthermore, DKK-1 levels were lower in PDR patients (425.21 pg/ml, 137.10-1077.32) compared with NPDR patients (594.86 pg/ml, 256.36-1393.27; P=0.003). Vitreous absolute DKK-1 levels in PDR patients (259.04 pg/ml, 104.44-596.96) were higher than in non-diabetic controls (138.26 pg/ml, 18.69-239.52; P<0.001). After normalizing by total vitreous protein concentrations, however, there was no significant difference between the groups. DKK-1 levels in vitreous were lower than those in plasma in both groups (P<0.001 for controls; P=0.002 for PDR patients).

conclusionsDecreased plasma DKK-1 levels, which may contribute to the Wnt pathway activation, are associated with the presence and progression of DR, and have potential to become a biomarker for DR.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnalysis of VarianceCase-Control StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMaleMiddle AgedVitreous BodyDKK1 protein, humanIntercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Identifiers

PMID24406409
PMCPMC3983621
OpenAlexW1878701066

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.