ArticlePloS one2014
A dual TLR agonist adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the tuberculosis vaccine antigen ID93.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Innate Immune Response to Powassan Virus Infection: Progress Toward Infection Control.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Characterizing TLR4 agonist EmT4™ as an anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine adjuvant.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Co-Delivery of Multiple Toll-Like Receptor Agonists and Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin on Protein Nanoparticles Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- A review of the efficacy of clinical tuberculosis vaccine candidates in mouse models.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Differential Adjuvant Activity by Flagellins fromVaccines · 2024Article
- Designing and immunomolecular analysis of a new broad-spectrum multiepitope vaccine against divergent human papillomavirus types.PloS one · 2024Article
- Formulated Phospholipids as Non-Canonical TLR4 Agonists.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Intratumoral immunotherapy using a TLR2/3 agonist, L-pampo, induces robust antitumor immune responses and enhances immune checkpoint blockade.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- IL-10 Receptor Blockade Delivered Simultaneously with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination Sustains Long-Term Protection againstJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
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- It Takes a Village: The Multifaceted Immune Response toFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Modulation of injectable hydrogel properties for slow co-delivery of influenza subunit vaccine components enhance the potency of humoral immunity.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2021Article
- Prolonged Codelivery of Hemagglutinin and a TLR7/8 Agonist in a Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogel Enhances Potency and Breadth of Influenza Vaccination.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2021Article
- Receptor-Ligand Kinetics Influence the Mechanism of Action of Covalently Linked TLR Ligands.ACS chemical biology · 2021Article
- A cutting-edge immunoinformatics approach for design of multi-epitope oral vaccine against dreadful human malaria.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2020Article
- Tuberculosis vaccine development: from classic to clinical candidates.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Review
- Vaccine Adjuvants Derived from Marine Organisms.Biomolecules · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
With over eight million cases of tuberculosis each year there is a pressing need for the development of new vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Subunit vaccines consisting of recombinant proteins are an attractive vaccine approach due to their inherent safety compared to attenuated live vaccines and the uniformity of manufacture. Addition of properly formulated TLR agonist-containing adjuvants to recombinant protein vaccines enhances the antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell response characterized by IFN-γ and TNF, both of which are critical for the control of TB. We have developed a clinical stage vaccine candidate consisting of a recombinant fusion protein ID93 adjuvanted with the TLR4 agonist GLA-SE. Here we examine whether ID93+GLA-SE can be improved by the addition of a second TLR agonist. Addition of CpG containing DNA to ID93+GLA-SE enhanced the magnitude of the multi-functional TH1 response against ID93 characterized by co-production of IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2. Addition of CpG also improved the protective efficacy of ID93+GLA-SE. Finally we demonstrate that this adjuvant synergy between GLA and CpG is independent of TRIF signaling, whereas TRIF is necessary for the adjuvant activity of GLA-SE in the absence of CpG.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.