ArticlePloS one2014
Clinical classification of cancer cachexia: phenotypic correlates in human skeletal muscle.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 50 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pectoralis major muscle atrophy is associated with mitochondrial energy wasting in cachectic patients with gastrointestinal cancer.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Trial
- Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on skeletal muscle size and function in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2020Trial
- Neuromuscular junctions are stable in patients with cancer cachexia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Micheliolide ameliorates colon cancer cachexia by modulating gut microbiota-immune signaling via Phocaeicola vulgatus enrichment.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Tumor-muscle communication in cancer-associated cachexia (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Sarcopenia and Cachexia in Older Patients with Cancer: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Impact on Outcomes, and Management Strategies.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Increased Myocardial MAO-A, Atrogin-1, and IL-1β Expression in Transgenic Mice with Pancreatic Carcinoma-Benefit of MAO-A Inhibition for Cardiac Cachexia.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Defining and Addressing Research Priorities in Cancer Cachexia through Transdisciplinary Collaboration.Cancers · 2024Review
- Correction: Clinical Classification of Cancer Cachexia: Phenotypic Correlates in Human Skeletal Muscle.PloS one · 2024Article
- Leveraging real-world data to predict cancer cachexia stage, quality of life, and survival in a racially and ethnically diverse multi-institutional cohort of treatment-naïve patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Metabolic Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A triple-masked, two-center, randomized parallel clinical trial to assess the superiority of eight weeks of grape seed flour supplementation against placebo for weight loss attenuation during perioperative period in patients with cachexia associated with colorectal cancer: a study protocol.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- UBR2 targets myosin heavy chain IIb and IIx for degradation: Molecular mechanism essential for cancer-induced muscle wasting.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Article
- Tumor cell anabolism and host tissue catabolism-energetic inefficiency during cancer cachexia.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Article
- REDD1 deletion attenuates cancer cachexia in mice.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2021Article
- Sarcopenia versus cancer cachexia: the muscle wasting continuum in healthy and diseased aging.Biogerontology · 2021Review
- Metabolic Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy as a Therapeutic Target.Metabolites · 2021Review
- An integrative transcriptome study reveals Ddit4/Redd1 as a key regulator of cancer cachexia in rodent models.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is a Common Denominator Linking Skeletal Muscle Wasting Due to Disease, Aging, and Prolonged Inactivity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCachexia affects the majority of patients with advanced cancer and is associated with a reduction in treatment tolerance, response to therapy, and duration of survival. One impediment towards the effective treatment of cachexia is a validated classification system.
methods41 patients with resectable upper gastrointestinal (GI) or pancreatic cancer underwent characterisation for cachexia based on weight-loss (WL) and/or low muscularity (LM). Four diagnostic criteria were used >5%WL, >10%WL, LM, and LM+>2%WL. All patients underwent biopsy of the rectus muscle. Analysis included immunohistochemistry for fibre size and type, protein and nucleic acid concentration, Western blots for markers of autophagy, SMAD signalling, and inflammation.
findingsCompared with non-cachectic cancer patients, patients with LM or LM+>2%WL, mean muscle fibre diameter was reduced by about 25% (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001 respectively). No significant difference in fibre diameter was observed if patients had WL alone. Regardless of classification, there was no difference in fibre number or proportion of fibre type across all myosin heavy chain isoforms. Mean muscle protein content was reduced and the ratio of RNA/DNA decreased in patients with either >5%WL or LM+>2%WL. Compared with non-cachectic patients, SMAD3 protein levels were increased in patients with >5%WL (p = 0.022) and with >10%WL, beclin (p = 0.05) and ATG5 (p = 0.01) protein levels were increased. There were no differences in phospho-NFkB or phospho-STAT3 levels across any of the groups.
conclusionMuscle fibre size, biochemical composition and pathway phenotype can vary according to whether the diagnostic criteria for cachexia are based on weight loss alone, a measure of low muscularity alone or a combination of the two. For intervention trials where the primary end-point is a change in muscle mass or function, use of combined diagnostic criteria may allow identification of a more homogeneous patient cohort, reduce the sample size required and enhance the time scale within which trials can be conducted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.