Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24403926›Full record

ArticleIranian journal of nursing and midwifery research2013

The effect of intermittent local heat and cold on labor pain and child birth outcome.

Zhila Ganji, Marjan A Shirvani, Farideh Rezaei-Abhari, Mahmonir Danesh

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06227052 (Vapocoolant Application for Pain Reduction During Office-based Gynecologic Procedures), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06227052 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Vapocoolant Application for Pain Reduction During Office-based Gynecologic Procedures: a Randomized Controlled Trial (VAPOR)

TypeinterventionalSponsorQueen's Medical CenterRan2024 to 2025Enrolled98ConditionsPain With Paracervical Block, Pain With Gynecology Procedure, PainArmsNum Vapocoolant Spray, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Massage, reflexology and other manual methods for pain management in labour.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Effect of Cold Application on Pain and Bruising in Patients With Subcutaneous Injection of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin: A Meta-Analysis.Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
    Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zhila GanjiDepartment of Midwifery, Mazandran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
Marjan A ShirvaniDepartment of Midwifery, Mazandran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
Farideh Rezaei-AbhariDepartment of Midwifery, Mazandran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
Mahmonir DaneshDepartment of Midwifery, Mazandran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLabor pain is one of the severest pains that cause many women request cesarean section for fear of pain. Thus, controlling labor pain is a major concern of maternity care. Nowadays, interest in non-pharmacological pain relief methods has been increased because of their lower side effects. The effects of discrete heat and cold on decreasing labor pain have been reported but there was no evaluation of the effects of simultaneous heat and cold. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intermittent heat and cold on pain severity and childbirth outcomes. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four nulliparous women with term, One fetus, and low-risk pregnancy were divided into the intervention (32 participants) and the control group (32 participants) by random allocation. Excluding criteria were: administration of pain relief drugs, skin disease in the field of intervention, fetal distress, bleeding, fever, and disagreement with participation in the study. Warm and cold packs were used intermittently on low back and lower abdomen during the first phase and on perineum during the second phase of labor. Pain intensity was assessed with Visual Analogue Scale. Descriptive statistic, chi square, and t-test were used for data analysis.

resultsThere were no significant differences in demographic and midwifery characteristics and the baseline pain between two groups. The pain was significantly lower in intervention group during the first and second phases of labor. Duration of the first and third phases of labor was shorter in the case group. There were no significant differences in type of delivery, perineal laceration, oxytocin uptake, fetal heart rate, and APGAR between two groups. DISCUSSION: Local warming with intermittent cold pack can reduce labor pain without adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcomes. It is an inexpensive and simple method.

conclusionIntermittent local heat and cold therapy is a no pharmalogical, safe and effective method to relief labor pain.

Indexed as

Child birthcold temperaturehot temperaturelabor pain

Identifiers

PMID24403926
PMCPMC3872865
OpenAlexW117630354

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.