ArticleInternational orthopaedics2014
Cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TGFβ) as potential biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response in trauma patients.
Article in International orthopaedics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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67 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Caught in the Crossroads: Damage Control Orthopedics versus Early Total Care for Polytrauma in the Indian Scenario.Annals of African medicine · 2026Review
- Inflammatory blood-based biomarkers to aid in the assessment and prognostication of traumatic brain injury: a TRACK-TBI study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation in Low-Protein Diets on Productive Performance, Digestive Function, and Intestinal Health of Laying Hens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Relationship Between IL6/IL10 Serum Concentrations and Organ Function in Critically Ill Patients Based on Sepsis: A Prospective Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Bisphosphonate and statin: adverse effects of co-medication on wound healing in in vitro models of periodontal tissues.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- A rabbit model of clinically relevant mucosal injury induced by nasogastric tube intubation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Immunopathogenesis of severe pneumonia in children with emphasis on CD4+ T cells, Tim-3 and cytokine-mediated immune dysregulation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Protective impacts of bamboo leaf flavonoids in stressed broilers induced by diquat: Insight of antioxidant, immune response and intestinal barrier function.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Predictive Precision in Scar Medicine: From Molecular Predictors to Machine Learning Models.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Review
- The serum IL-17A levels in patients with traumatic bowel rupture post-surgery and its predictive value for patient prognosis.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Traumatic inflammatory response: pathophysiological role and clinical value of cytokines.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Review
- Development of a predictive algorithm for patient survival after traumatic injury using a five analyte blood panel.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Predictive Value of Early Inflammatory Markers in Trauma Patients Based on Transfusion Status.The Journal of surgical research · 2023Article
- The practicality of interleukin-6 in prognosis of blunt chest trauma in Korea: a retrospective study.Journal of trauma and injury · 2023Article
- Downregulation of inflammatory erectile dysfunction byToxicology reports · 2023Article
- Investigating the cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the novel peptides in lingzhi mushrooms.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Biologically Relevant In Vitro 3D-Model to Study Bone Regeneration Potential of Human Adipose Stem Cells.Biomolecules · 2022Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMuch research is now being conducted in order to understand the role of cytokines in the development of the inflammatory response following trauma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum levels of certain cytokines, measured immediately after initial injury, can be used as potential biomarkers for predicting the development and the degree of severity of the systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) in patients with moderate and severe trauma.
methodsWe conducted a prospective study with 71 individuals of whom 13 (18.3 %) were healthy controls and 58 (81.7 %) were traumatized orthopaedic patients who were categorized into two groups: 31 (43.6 %) with moderate injuries and 27 (38.1 %) patients with severe orthopaedic trauma. Thirty cc of heparinized blood were drawn from each individual within a few hours after the injury. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory, regulatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured in each individual participant.
resultsHigh levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β,-6,-8,-12, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma were found in all injured patients compared to healthy controls. Only IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in the injured patients. Levels of the regulatory cytokines, transformed growth factor beta (TGF-β) and IL-10 were higher in the injured patients, but significant only for TGF-β. Levels of IL-4 were significantly lower in the injured groups as compared to the controls.
conclusionsSecretion of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased level of anti-inflammatory cytokines during the acute phase of trauma may lead to the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in unstable polytraumatized patients. SIRS may result in life threatening conditions as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure (MOF). High levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGFβ and low levels of IL-4 were found to be reliable markers for the existence of immune reactivity in trauma patients. More research is needed to study pattern of cytokine levels along the acute period of injury, after surgical interventions and during recovery.
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