Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24402120›Full record

SynthesisJournal of clinical gastroenterology2014

The association between metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma: systemic review and meta-analysis.

Raxitkumar Jinjuvadia, Suhag Patel, Suthat Liangpunsakul

Open access · greenAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 38% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity-related cancer Risk and Survival: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews With Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
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  13. LOX-1 and Its Splicing Variant LOX-1International journal of hepatology · 2026
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23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Raxitkumar Jinjuvadia*Department of Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI †Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University Medical Center ‡Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN.
Suhag Patel
Suthat Liangpunsakul
Indiana University Bloomington · USWayne State University · US

Funding

Effect of ethanol on Kupffer cell/hepatocyte interactions and lipid metabolismK08AA016570 · NIAAA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI LIANGPUNSAKUL, SUTHAT · 2008 to 2012
$659k
Serum Proteomic Profiles as Biomarkers of Abusive Alcohol ConsumptionI01CX000361 · VA · RLR VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI LIANGPUNSAKUL, SUTHAT · 2012 to 2025
–
CSRD VA I01 CX000361NIAAA NIH HHS K08 AA016570
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or its individual components have been linked to the development of cancer. Recent studies have suggested a similar link to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the direction and magnitude of the association between the MetS and HCC.

methodsTwo reviewers independently conducted a systemic search to identify the available evidence from databases from January 1980 to June 2012. Search terms included "Metabolic syndrome," "insulin resistance syndrome," "metabolic abnormalities" combined with "hepatocellular carcinoma," and "liver cancer." No language restriction was applied to the search. Only studies reporting an effect measure for the association between MetS and HCC were eligible for inclusion. Publication bias was assessed using the Begg and Egger tests, with a visual inspection of funnel plot. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 2 software.

resultsFour studies (3 cohort and 1 case control) with a total of 829,651 participants were included in the analysis. The age range of participants was between 30 and 84 years. The combined analysis showed an overall 81% increased risk of HCC in cases with MetS (relative risk, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-2.41). After excluding the single case-control study from analysis, the overall risk ratio remained statistically significant (relative risk, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-1.74). Funnel plot inspection, Begg and Egger tests showed no evidence of publication bias for combined analysis.

conclusionsThough studies are scarce, currently available epidemiologic data are suggestive of significantly higher risk of HCC among patients with MetS.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularHumansLiver NeoplasmsMetabolic SyndromePublication BiasRisk Assessment

Identifiers

PMID24402120
PMCPMC3887366
OpenAlexW2309691257

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.