SynthesisThe Journal of nutrition2014
Dietary iron intake and body iron stores are associated with risk of coronary heart disease in a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Synthesis in The Journal of nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydroxytyrosol supplementation increases vitamin C levels in vivo. A human volunteer trial.Redox biology · 2017Trial
- Iron Deficiency in Vegetarian Athletes: A Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Association between trace metal element levels and ideal cardiovascular health in adolescents.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Monochorionic-specific association between first-trimester serum ferritin and gestational diabetes in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study of the association between blood metal mixtures exposure and hyperuricemia.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- Inverted U-Shaped Association of Soluble Transferrin Receptor Concentrations with Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases in Overweight Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Dietary iron intake predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Article
- Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets: An Insight into the Main Topics.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Iron deficiency and supplementation in heart failure.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Nutritional Aspects of Iron in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Vegan diet: nutritional components, implementation, and effects on adults' health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Iron Speciation and Iron Binding Proteins in Arthrospira platensis Grown in Media Containing Different Iron ConcentrationsInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluating Concordance of Bodies of Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials, Dietary Intake, and Biomarkers of Intake in Cohort Studies: A Meta-Epidemiological Study.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Article
- [Gut microbiome composition in pre-adolescent children with different meat consumption patterns].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2021Article
- Associations of serum iron and ferritin with hyperuricemia and serum uric acid.Clinical rheumatology · 2020Article
- Review
- Article
- The association of elevated serum ferritin concentration in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective observational study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The link between iron intake as well as body iron stores and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been contentiously debated, and the epidemiologic evidence is inconsistent. We aimed to quantitatively summarize the literature on the association between dietary iron intake/body iron stores and CHD risk by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PubMed was used to find studies published through June 2013 in peer-reviewed journals. Embase or a hand search of relevant articles was used to obtain additional articles. The pooled RRs of CHD incidence and mortality with 95% CIs were calculated by using either a random-effects or fixed-effects model, as appropriate. Twenty-one eligible studies (32 cohorts) including 292,454 participants with an average of 10.2 y of follow-up were included. Heme iron was found to be positively associated with CHD incidence (RR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.94), whereas total iron was inversely associated (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.999). Neither heme-iron nor total iron intakes were significantly associated with CHD mortality. Both transferrin saturation and serum iron were inversely related to CHD incidence [RR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.66, 0.88) and 0.68 (0.56, 0.82), respectively], but only transferrin saturation was inversely associated with CHD mortality (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99). In conclusion, total iron intake and serum iron concentrations were inversely associated with CHD incidence, but heme iron intake was positively related to CHD incidence. Elevated serum transferrin saturation concentration was inversely associated with both CHD incidence and mortality. Future research is needed to establish the causal relation and to elucidate potential mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.