ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Brazil: a hierarchical model.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for tuberculous meningitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2021Pooled it
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- Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Dose-Finding Study To Evaluate High-Dose Rifampin for Tuberculous Meningitis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- Application of Venn's diagram in the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis using IFN-γ, IP-10 and adenosine deaminase.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Clinical Characteristics of People With Extrapulmonary and Disseminated Tuberculosis: A 23-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in People Without HIV Without Pharmacological Immunosuppression.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
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- Mycobacterium tuberculosis combine with EBV infection in severe adult meningoencephalitis: a rare case reports and literature review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Clinical Course of Patients With Mediastinal Lymph Node Tuberculosis and Risk Factors for Paradoxical Responses.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Care-seeking pathways and diagnostic delays in extrapulmonary TB patients.Public health action · 2023Article
- The epidemiological characteristics and infection risk factors for extrapulmonary tuberculosis in patients hospitalized with pulmonary tuberculosis infection in China from 2017 to 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Brunei Darussalam: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and factors associated with Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in a Low-prevalence area.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Article
- Low serum complement level is associated with higher mortality in tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective cohort study.Encephalitis (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Disseminated tuberculosis and diagnosis delay during the COVID-19 era in a Western European country: a case series analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Genomic characteristics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Incidence and Mortality of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Ukraine: Analysis of National Surveillance Data.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Disseminated Tuberculosis: A 3-Year Case-Series Experience in a Tertiary Care Center.Turkish thoracic journal · 2021Article
- The association between serum sodium level and tuberculous meningitis compared with viral and bacterial meningitis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is less frequent than Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) and is a secondary target for national TB control programs, its significance has increased worldwide during the HIV epidemic. The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiology of EPTB in Brazil between 2007 and 2011.
methodsCross-sectional study involving all cases of TB reported to the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (Sistema de Informações de Agravo de Notificação - SINAN) in Brazil between 2007 and 2011. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with exclusively PTB and exclusively EPTB were compared. Following analysis with Pearson's chi-square test, variables with p < 0.05 were included in a hierarchical regression model. Variables with p < 0.05 in the corresponding level were kept in the model.
resultsA total of 427,548 cases of TB were included. Of these, 356,342 cases (83.35%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 83.23% - 83.45%) were PTB, 57,217 (13.37%; 95% CI 13.28% - 13.48%) were EPTB, 13,989 (3.27%; 95% CI 3.21% - 3.32%) were concurrent pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Patients with EPTB were mainly white (16.7%), and most (29.1%) patients had five to eight years of education. Among comorbidities, HIV infection was prominent (OR 2.15; 95% CI 2.09 - 2.21), although the proportion of cases awaiting test results or untested was high (39%). Ethanol use (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.43 - 0.46), diabetes mellitus (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.51 - 0.57) and mental illness (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.82 - 0.95) were associated with PTB.
conclusionsThirteen percent of patients diagnosed with TB in Brazil have only EPTB. More effective diagnostic strategies and control measures are needed to reduce the number of cases of extrapulmonary TB in Brazil.
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