ArticleMicrobiologyOpen2014
Acid resistance in Francisella tularensis.
Article in MicrobiologyOpen, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Deliberating the scientific evidence base for influenza transmission to raw milk consumers.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Review
- Long-Term Survival of Virulent Tularemia Pathogens outside a Host in Conditions That Mimic Natural Aquatic Environments.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- A study of innate immune kinetics reveals a role for a chloride transporter in a virulent Francisella tularensis type B strain.MicrobiologyOpen · 2021Article
- Early detection of viable Francisella tularensis in environmental matrices by culture-based PCR.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, the etiologic agent of tularemia, can survive under acidic conditions. Tularemia can be acquired by several routes, including by ingestion of contaminated food or water. While acid resistance is usually associated with a low oral infective dose (ID), the ID for gastrointestinal illness is quite high. In this study, four strains of F. tularensis ssp. tularensis (type A) and four strains of F. tularensis ssp. holarctica (type B) were examined for innate acid resistance and the ability to survive in synthetic gastric fluid (SGF) under in vitro conditions similar to passage through the human stomach. Survival for all strains was significantly less in pH 2.5 SGF than in pH 2.5 phosphate-buffered saline and pH 4.0 SGF. Attenuated strains were consistently less resistant. Type B strains are most often associated with waterborne outbreaks and were examined after storage in natural water. Low-nutrient preadaptation resulted in increased resistance. Although F. tularensis can persist under certain acidic conditions, it is sensitive to conditions replicating the fasting human stomach. This may help explain the high ID required for gastrointestinal infections.
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Registered trials
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