MicroRNA-33b downregulates the differentiation and development of porcine preadipocytes.

Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor (SREBF) is a key transcription regulator for lipid homeostasis. MicroRNA-33b (miR-33b) is embedded in intron 16 of porcine SREBF1 and is conserved among most mammals. Here, we investigated the effect of miR-33b on adipocyte differentiation and development in porcine subcutaneous pre-adipocytes (PSPA). PSPA were transiently transfected with miR-33b, and adipose differentiation was then induced. Delayed adipose differentiation and decreased lipid accumulation were observed in miR-33b-transfected PSPA. Computational predictions suggested that miR-33b may target early B cell factor 1 (EBF1), an adipocyte activator of lipogenesis regulators such as CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Both gene and protein expression of EBF1 were downregulated in miR-33b-transfected PSPA, followed by considerable decreases in the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ and their downstream lipogenic genes. However, miR-33b transfection did not markedly affect mRNA and protein expression of SREBF1. We also investigated differences in the expression of miR-33b and lipogenic genes in subcutaneous fat tissues between 5-month-old crossbred gilts derived from Landrace (lean-type) and Meishan (fatty-type) boars. Landrace-derived crossbred gilts expressed more miR-33b and less lipogenic genes than did gilts derived from Meishan. Our results suggest that miR-33b affected the differentiation and development of PSPA by attenuating the lipogenic gene expression cascade through EBF1 to C/EBPα and PPARγ. The differential expression of miR-33b observed in crossbred gilts may in part account for differences in lipogenic gene expression and the fat:lean ratio between pig breeds.