ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2014
Understanding the evolutionary structural variability and target specificity of tick salivary Kunitz peptides using next generation transcriptome data.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Amblyomma cajennense Sensu Stricto (Fabricius, 1787) and Amblyomma sculptum (Berlese, 1888) Tick Saliva Elicit Immune-Modulatory Activity in Isolated Murine Macrophages With an Insight Into Proteomic Analysis.Parasite immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- A multi-omics approach for understanding blood digestion dynamics in Ixodes scapularis and identification of anti-tick vaccine targets.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Evolutionary Aspects of the Structural Convergence and Functional Diversification of Kunitz-Domain Inhibitors.Journal of molecular evolution · 2020Review
- European Medicinal Leeches-New Roles in Modern Medicine.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- A transcriptome-based phylogenetic study of hard ticks (Ixodidae).Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The Use of Tick Salivary Proteins as Novel Therapeutics.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- Modeling Modulation of the Tick Regulome in Response toFrontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Tissue-specific transcriptomes of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) and Anisakis pegreffii reveal potential molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Functional diversity of secreted cestode Kunitz proteins: Inhibition of serine peptidases and blockade of cation channels.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Gene Duplication and Protein Evolution in Tick-Host Interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Protease Inhibitors in Tick Saliva: The Role of Serpins and Cystatins in Tick-host-Pathogen Interaction.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- All For One and One For All on the Tick-Host Battlefield.Trends in parasitology · 2016Review
- Paralog analyses reveal gene duplication events and genes under positive selection in Ixodes scapularis and other ixodid ticks.BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Sialomes and Mialomes: A Systems-Biology View of Tick Tissues and Tick-Host Interactions.Trends in parasitology · 2016Review
- Article
- Identification of 24h Ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2015Article
- Are ticks venomous animals?Frontiers in zoology · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTicks are blood-sucking arthropods and a primary function of tick salivary proteins is to counteract the host's immune response. Tick salivary Kunitz-domain proteins perform multiple functions within the feeding lesion and have been classified as venoms; thereby, constituting them as one of the important elements in the arms race with the host. The two main mechanisms advocated to explain the functional heterogeneity of tick salivary Kunitz-domain proteins are gene sharing and gene duplication. Both do not, however, elucidate the evolution of the Kunitz family in ticks from a structural dynamic point of view. The Red Queen hypothesis offers a fruitful theoretical framework to give a dynamic explanation for host-parasite interactions. Using the recent salivary gland Ixodes ricinus transcriptome we analyze, for the first time, single Kunitz-domain encoding transcripts by means of computational, structural bioinformatics and phylogenetic approaches to improve our understanding of the structural evolution of this important multigenic protein family.
resultsOrganizing the I. ricinus single Kunitz-domain peptides based on their cysteine motif allowed us to specify a putative target and to relate this target specificity to Illumina transcript reads during tick feeding. We observe that several of these Kunitz peptide groups vary in their translated amino acid sequence, secondary structure, antigenicity, and intrinsic disorder, and that the majority of these groups are subject to a purifying (negative) selection. We finalize by describing the evolution and emergence of these Kunitz peptides. The overall interpretation of our analyses discloses a rapidly emerging Kunitz group with a distinct disulfide bond pattern from the I. ricinus salivary gland transcriptome.
conclusionsWe propose a model to explain the structural and functional evolution of tick salivary Kunitz peptides that we call target-oriented evolution. Our study reveals that combining analytical approaches (transcriptomes, computational, bioinformatics and phylogenetics) improves our understanding of the biological functions of important salivary gland mediators during tick feeding.
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