Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24396134›Full record

ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2014

Gamma interferon release assays for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Madhukar Pai, Claudia M Denkinger, Sandra V Kik, Molebogeng X Rangaka, Alice Zwerling, Olivia Oxlade, John Z Metcalfe, Adithya Cattamanchi, David W Dowdy, Keertan Dheda and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 406 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
406citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

406 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
    Pooled it
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Isoniazid to Prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Kenyan Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected Infants.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021
    Trial
  13. Consensus-based evaluation of RIDASCREENEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Evaluating the Cepheid Xpert TB/LTBI Research-Use-Only Assay for Detection of Active and Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
    Article
  16. What is new in tuberculosis?Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2026
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

346 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Madhukar PaiMcGill International TB Centre and Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Claudia M Denkinger
Sandra V Kik
Molebogeng X Rangaka
Alice Zwerling
Olivia Oxlade
John Z Metcalfe
Adithya Cattamanchi
David W Dowdy
Keertan Dheda
Niaz Banaei

Funding

Immunodiagnosis of Active Tuberculosis in HIV-infected PatientsK23HL094141 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CATTAMANCHI, ADITHYA · 2009 to 2013
$760k
Improving Early Identification of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in HIV Prevalent SeK23AI094251 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI METCALFE, JOHN ZAPATA · 2011 to 2015
$625k
CIHRNHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL094141NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI094251Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Identification and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can substantially reduce the risk of developing active disease. However, there is no diagnostic gold standard for LTBI. Two tests are available for identification of LTBI: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA). Evidence suggests that both TST and IGRA are acceptable but imperfect tests. They represent indirect markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure and indicate a cellular immune response to M. tuberculosis. Neither test can accurately differentiate between LTBI and active TB, distinguish reactivation from reinfection, or resolve the various stages within the spectrum of M. tuberculosis infection. Both TST and IGRA have reduced sensitivity in immunocompromised patients and have low predictive value for progression to active TB. To maximize the positive predictive value of existing tests, LTBI screening should be reserved for those who are at sufficiently high risk of progressing to disease. Such high-risk individuals may be identifiable by using multivariable risk prediction models that incorporate test results with risk factors and using serial testing to resolve underlying phenotypes. In the longer term, basic research is necessary to identify highly predictive biomarkers.

Indexed as

HumansImmunologic TestsInterferon-gammaLatent TuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosisPredictive Value of TestsReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and SpecificityTuberculosisInterferon-gamma

Identifiers

PMID24396134
PMCPMC3910908

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.