Observational studyEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2014
Cervical spine alignment in the pediatric population: a radiographic normative study of 150 asymptomatic patients.
Observational study in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of cervical sagittal alignment in normal subjects and adolescents and young adults with idiopathic scoliosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Global and segmental thoracolumbar sagittal alignment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis compared to normal individuals.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Changes in pelvic measurements and lumbar lordosis with age in children and adolescents.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Clinical case study on custom 3D printed collars for dropped head syndrome patients.3D printing in medicine · 2025Article
- Capturing the cervical spine shape: Angular measurements versus geometric morphometric methods.Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Investigation of spinopelvic sagittal alignment and its correlations in asymptomatic pediatric populations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomechanical mechanisms of multidirectional dynamic compensatory muscle fatigue induced by abnormal cervical curvature: a cross-sectional case-control study based on surface electromyography and Cobb angle.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Pediatric spinal alignment and spinal development.North American Spine Society journal · 2024Article
- Sagittal Full-Spine vs. Sectional Cervical Lateral Radiographs: Are the Measurements of Cervical Alignment Interchangeable?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Unexpected postoperative atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation after excision of melanocytic nevi of the head and neck in older children: two case reports and literature review.Archives of craniofacial surgery · 2024Article
- Pediatric Cervical Kyphosis: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis and Literature Review.Spine surgery and related research · 2024Article
- A Preliminary Diagnostic Model for Forward Head Posture among Adolescents Using Forward Neck Tilt Angle and Radiographic Sagittal Alignment Parameters.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Measurement of Three-Dimensional Back Shape of Normal Adults Using a Novel Three-Dimensional Imaging Mobile Surface Topography System (MSTS): An Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Incidence, Changes and Treatments of Cervical Deformity After Infection and Inflammation.Neurospine · 2023Article
- Sagittal alignment of the cervical spine: radiographic analysis of 111 asymptomatic adolescents, a retrospective observational study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Observational
- Severe dysphagia after a posterior cervical spine fusion at the C1-C3 level and its improvement after correction surgery for malalignment: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2022Article
- Variation of cervical sagittal alignment parameters according to gender, pelvic incidence and age.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Article
- Prospective surgical solutions in degenerative spine: spinal simulation for optimal choice of implant and targeted device development.Innovative surgical sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- The content and construct validity of the modified patient specific functional scale (PSFS 2.0) in individuals with neck pain.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo describe the normal cervical sagittal alignment of the pediatric spine in a normal population and to identify the changes during growth period.
methodsWe randomly selected in PACS database 150 full-spine standing views. Exclusion criteria were: age >18 years, spinal deformity and any disease affecting the spine (medical charts reviewing). For cervical alignment we measured: OC-angle according to Mc Gregor, C1C7 angle, upper cervical angle, inferior cervical angle and C7 tilt. Spino pelvic parameters were analyzed: T1 tilt, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, sacral slope and pelvic tilt. We compared two age subgroups (juvenile and adolescent). Differences between age groups and gender were tested using Student's t test. Correlations between sagittal spinal parameters were evaluated using Pearson's test.
resultsCervical spine shape was correlated to cranio cervical orientation to maintain horizontal gaze (r = 0.60) and to thoracic kyphosis (r = -0.46). Cervical spine alignment was significantly different between the two age groups except for the global C1C7 cervical lordosis, which remained stable. A significant gender difference was found for all the cervical sagittal angles (p < 0.01) whereas no differences were demonstrated for the spino pelvic parameters, except the lumbar lordosis (p = 0.047).
conclusionsThis study is the first to report the cervical spinal alignment in a normal pediatric Caucasian population. Even though cervical lordosis is the common shape, our results showed variability in cervical sagittal alignment. Cervical spine is a junctional area that adjusts its alignment to the head position and to the underlying spinal alignment.
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