ArticleInternational perspectives on sexual and reproductive health2013
The Oportunidades conditional cash transfer program: effects on pregnancy and contraceptive use among young rural women in Mexico.
Article in International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04222959 (Girls Invest), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Girls Invest: A Mobile-Enabled Economic Empowerment Intervention for Girls
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfers to Improve Use of Contraception in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Studies in family planning · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Heterogeneous income gradients in early motherhood in Mexico: a population-based multi-method study, 2000-2020.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Leveraging connections between family planning and nutrition to improve the health of women.BMJ global health · 2026Review
- Do social protection programmes affect the burden of breast and cervical cancer? A systematic review.Health policy OPEN · 2024Review
- Health, economic and social impacts of the Brazilian cash transfer program on the lives of its beneficiaries: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Can cash transfer interventions increase contraceptive use and reduce adolescent birth and pregnancy in low and middle income countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Proximal determinants of suboptimal early child development during the first three years of life in socially deprived Mexican contexts.PloS one · 2023Article
- Reduction in contraceptive use during the COVID-19 pandemic among women in an indigenous Mexican community: a retrospective crossover study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Structural Interventions to Enable Adolescent Contraceptive Use in LMICs: A Mid-Range Theory to Support Intervention Development and Evaluation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Which Structural Interventions for Adolescent Contraceptive Use Have Been Evaluated in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Role of financial incentives in family planning services in India: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Adolescent pregnancy, public policies, and targeted programs in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2021Article
- Cash Transfers and Contraceptive Use: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis.Studies in family planning · 2020Article
- Article
- Intellectual Performance and Educational Attainment of Mexican Adolescents in Poverty.Europe's journal of psychology · 2019Article
- Can a conditional cash transfer reduce teen fertility? The case of Brazil's Bolsa Familia.Journal of health economics · 2019Article
- Trends in repeated pregnancy among adolescents in the Philippines from 1993 to 2013.Reproductive health · 2018Article
- Contraceptive knowledge and use among women living in the poorest areas of five Mesoamerican countries.Contraception · 2017Article
- Comparison of family-planning service quality reported by adolescents and young adult women in Mexico.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextOportunidades is a large conditional cash transfer program in Mexico. It is important to examine whether the program has any direct effect on pregnancy experience and contraceptive use among young rural women, apart from those through education.
methodsData from the 1992, 2006 and 2009 waves of a nationally representative, population-based survey were used to describe trends in pregnancy experience, contraceptive use and education among rural adolescent (15-19) and young adult (20-24) women in Mexico. To examine differences in pregnancy experience and current modern contraceptive use among young women, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted between matched 2006 samples of women with and without exposure to Oportunidades, predicted probabilities were calculated and indirect effects were estimated.
resultsOver the three survey waves, the proportion of adolescent and young adult women reporting ever being pregnant stayed flat (33-36%) and contraceptive use increased steadily (from 13% in 1992 to 19% in 2009). Educational attainment rose dramatically: The proportion of women with a secondary education increased from 28% in 1992 to 46% in 2009. In multivariable analyses, exposure to Oportunidades was not associated with pregnancy experience among adolescents. Educational attainment, marital status, pregnancy experience and access to health insurance--but not exposure to Oportunidades--were positively associated with current modern contraceptive use among adolescent and young adult women.
conclusionThrough its effect on education, Oportunidades indirectly influences fertility among adolescents. It is important for Mexico to focus on strategies to increase contraceptive use among young rural nulliparous women, regardless of whether they are enrolled in Oportunidades.
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