ArticleJournal of neurotrauma2014
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is neuroprotective in experimental traumatic brain injury.
Article in Journal of neurotrauma, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- β-hydroxybutyrate Modulates Neuroinflammatory Responses and Astrocyte Reactivity in an In Vitro Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Granulocyte- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Reverses Immunosuppression Acutely Following a Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhage Polytrauma in a Juvenile Male Rat Model.Journal of neurotrauma · 2024Article
- Treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody, bevacizumab, has sex-specific effects in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Article
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a protective factor against Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- An open-label multiyear study of sargramostim-treated Parkinson's disease patients examining drug safety, tolerability, and immune biomarkers from limited case numbers.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Article
- Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and Comorbidities: Advanced Models, Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapeutic Interventions.Pharmacological reviews · 2022Review
- Data-driven approach to integrating genomic and behavioral preclinical traumatic brain injury research.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor-A worsens cognitive recovery in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Treatment of Patients with Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Pre-Post Study.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Construction of Recombinant Human GM-CSF and GM-CSF-ApoA-I Fusion Protein and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Activation of the Protein Kinase R-Like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK) Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury and Treatment with a PERK Inhibitor.Neurotrauma reports · 2021Article
- Safety and efficacy of sargramostim (GM-CSF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2021Article
- Innate Immune System Activation and Neuroinflammation in Down Syndrome and Neurodegeneration: Therapeutic Targets or Partners?Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Review
- Neuroprotective Activities of Long-Acting Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (mPDM608) in 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Intoxicated Mice.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Article
- Catastrophic consequences: can the feline parasite Toxoplasma gondii prompt the purrfect neuroinflammatory storm following traumatic brain injury?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2020Review
- Absence of Glia Maturation Factor Protects from Axonal Injury and Motor Behavioral Impairments after Traumatic Brain Injury.Experimental neurobiology · 2020Article
- AJournal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
- The genetics of circulating BDNF: towards understanding the role of BDNF in brain structure and function in middle and old ages.Brain communications · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an international health concern with a complex pathogenesis resulting in major long-term neurological, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric outcomes. Although neuroinflammation has been identified as an important pathophysiological process resulting from TBI, the function of specific inflammatory mediators in the aftermath of TBI remains poorly understood. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been reported to have neuroprotective effects in various animal models of neurodegenerative disease that share pathological similarities with TBI. The importance of GM-CSF in TBI has yet to be studied, however. We examined the role of GM-CSF in TBI by comparing the effects of a lateral fluid percussion (LFP) injury or sham injury in GM-CSF gene deficient (GM-CSF(-/-)) versus wild-type (WT) mice. After a 3-month recovery interval, mice were assessed using neuroimaging and behavioral outcomes. All mice given a LFP injury displayed significant brain atrophy and behavioral impairments compared with those given sham-injuries; however, this was significantly worse in the GM-CSF(-/-) mice compared with the WT mice. GM-CSF(-/-) mice given LFP injury also had reduced astrogliosis compared with their WT counterparts. These novel findings indicate that the inflammatory mediator, GM-CSF, may have significant protective properties in the chronic sequelae of experimental TBI and suggest that further research investigating GM-CSF and its potential benefits in the injured brain is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.