Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24392031›Full record

ArticlePloS one2013

Relationship between vitreous levels of matrix metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar, Ghulam Mohammad, Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz, Mohammad Mairaj Siddiquei, Kathleen Van den Eynde, Ahmed Mousa, Gert De Hertogh, Ghislain Opdenakker

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Molecular stress and neurovascular injury in the diabetic retina.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Ocular toxicity, distribution, and shedding of intravitreal AAV-eqIL-10 in horses.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Liquid Biopsy Proteomics in Ophthalmology.Journal of proteome research · 2024
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Galectin 1-A Key Player between Tissue Repair and Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ahmed M Abu El-AsrarDepartment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ghulam MohammadDepartment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohd Imtiaz NawazDepartment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Mairaj SiddiqueiDepartment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Kathleen Van den EyndeLaboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.
Ahmed MousaDepartment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Gert De HertoghLaboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.
Ghislain OpdenakkerRega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.
King Saud University · SAKU Leuven · BERega Institute for Medical Research · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To investigate which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are more likely to be involved in the angiogenic process in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), we measured the levels of MMPs in the vitreous fluid from patients with PDR and controls and correlated these levels with the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Vitreous samples from 32 PDR and 24 nondiabetic patients were studied by mosaic multiplex MMPs enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), single ELISA, Western blot and zymography analysis. Epiretinal membranes from 11 patients with PDR were studied by immunohistochemistry. MMP-8 and MMP-13 were not detected. ELISA, Western blot and gelatin ymography assays revealed significant increases in the expression levels of MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-9 and VEGF in vitreous samples from PDR patients compared to nondiabetic controls, whereas MMP-2 and MMP-3 were not upregulated in vitreous samples from PDR patients. Significant correlations existed between ELISA and zymography assays for the quantitation of MMP-2 (r=0.407; p=0.039) and MMP-9 (r=0.711; p<0.001). Significant correlations were observed between levels of VEGF and levels of MMP-1 (r=0.845; P<0.001) and MMP-9 (r=0.775; p<0.001), and between levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 (r=0.857; p<0.001). In epiretinal membranes, cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for MMP-9 was present in vascular endothelial cells and stromal monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. Our findings suggest that among the MMPs measured, MMP-1 and MMP-9 may contribute to the angiogenic switch in PDR.

Indexed as

Diabetic RetinopathyHumansMatrix MetalloproteinasesNeovascularization, PathologicVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVitreous BodyMatrix MetalloproteinasesVascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Identifiers

PMID24392031
PMCPMC3877391
OpenAlexW2154660523

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.